Abstract
For an ideal scaffolding material, properties are required that include biocompatibility, suitable microstructure, desired mechanical strength and degradation rate as well as most importantly the ability to support cell residence and allow retention of metabolic functions. Numerous strategies currently used to engineer tissues depend on employing a material scaffold. These scaffolds serve as a synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) to organize cells into a 3D architecture and to present stimuli, which direct the growth and formation of a desired tissue. Depending on the tissue of interest and the specific application, the required scaffold material and its properties will be quite different.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chwojnowski A, Wojciechowski C (2009) Polysulphone and polyethersulphone hollow fiber membranes with developed inner surface as material for bio-medical applications. Biocybern Biomed Eng 29:47–59
Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite RM, Chiellini E (2011) Chitosan—a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:981–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.02.001
Chwojnowski A, Wojciechowski C, Dudzin’ski K, Łukowska E (2009) Polysulphone and polyethersulphone hollow fiber membranes with developed inner surface as material for biomedical applications. Biocybern Biomed Eng 29:47–59
Descoteaux C, Provencher-Mandeville J, Mathieu I, Perron V, Mandal SK, Asselin E, Berube G (2003) Synthesis of 17Î2-estradiol platinum(II) complexes: biological evaluation on breast cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13:3927–3931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.011
Ducheyne P, Qiu Q (1999) Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function. Biomaterials 20:2287–2303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00181-7
Ramaswamy Y, Wu C, Zhou H, Zreiqat H (2008) Biological response of human bone cells to zinc-modified Ca-Si-based ceramics. Acta Biomater 4:1487–1497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.014
Rae T (1986) The biological response to titanium and titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy particles. II. Long-term animal studies. Biomaterials 7:37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(86)90086-4
Wever DJ, Veldhuizen AG, Sanders MM, Schakenraad JM, Van Horn JR (1997) Cytotoxic, allergic and genotoxic activity of a nickel-titanium alloy. Biomaterials 18:1115–1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00041-0
Kimura Y, Hokugo A, Takamoto T, Tabata Y, Kurosawa H (2008) anterior cruciate ligament regeneration by biodegradable scaffold combined with local controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor and collagen wrapping. Tissue Eng 14:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1089/tec.2007.0286
Osada BY, Gong J (1998) Soft and wet materials: polymer gels. Adv Mater 10:827–837
Swann JMG, Ryan AJ (2009) Chemical actuation in responsive hydrogels. Polym Int 58:285–289. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2536
Drury JL, Mooney DJ (2003) Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. Biomaterials 24:4337–4351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00340-5
Ionov L (2014) Hydrogel-based actuators: possibilities and limitations. Biochem Pharmacol 17:494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.07.002
Jager EWH (2012) Actuators, biomedicine, and cell-biology. In: Proceedings of SPIE, pp 1–10
De SK, Aluru NR, Johnson B, Crone WC, Beebe DJ, Moore J (2002) Equilibrium swelling and kinetics of pH-responsive hydrogels: models, experiments, and simulations. J Microelectromech Syst 11:544–555
Jain JL, Sunjay J, Nitin J (2005) Polysaccharides. In: Fundamentals of biochemistry, pp 114–131
Martínez A, Fernández A, Pérez E, Benito M, Teijón JM, Blanco MD (2010) Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for controlled release formulations. In: The delivery of nanoparticles. InTech, pp 185–222
He B, Leung M, Zhang M (2010) Optimizing creation and degradation of chitosan-alginate scaffolds for in vitro cell culture. J Undergrad Res Bioeng 31–35
Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL (2007) Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv Drug Del Rev 59:207–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.012
Nair LS, Laurencin CT (2007) Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog Polym Sci 32:762–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017
Wang J, Huang X, Xiao J, Yu W, Wang W, Xie W, Zhang Y, Ma X (2010) Hydro-spinning: a novel technology for making alginate/chitosan fibrous scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 93:910–919. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32590
Dutta P, Rinki K, Dutta J (2011) Chitosan: a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Chit Biomater II 244:45–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2011_112
Suh J, Matthew H (2000) Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials 21:2589–2598
El-Tahlawy K, Hudson S (2006) Chitosan: aspects of fiber spinnability. J Appl Polym Sci 100:1162–1168. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23201
Stanford ECC (1881) Improvements in the manufacture of useful products from seaweeds. Br Pat 142
Bansal V, Sharma P, Sharma N (2011) Applications of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in drug delivery. Advan Biol Res 5:28–37
Moshaverinia A, Ansari S, Chen C, Xu X, Akiyama K, Snead ML, Zadeh HH, Shi S (2013) Biomaterials co-encapsulation of anti-BMP2 monoclonal antibody and mesenchymal stem cells in alginate microspheres for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 34:6572–6579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.048
Quigley AF, Bulluss KJ, Kyratzis ILB, Gilmore K, Mysore T, Schirmer KSU, Kennedy EL, O’Shea M, Truong YB, Edwards SL, Peeters G, Herwig P, Razal JM, Campbell TE, Lowes KN, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Murphy MA, Cook MJ, Clark GM, Wallace GG, Kapsa RMI (2013) Engineering a multimodal nerve conduit for repair of injured peripheral nerve. J Neural Eng 10:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/016008
Costa-Pinto A, Reis R, Neves N (2011) Scaffolds based bone tissue engineering: the role of chitosan. Tissue Eng B 17:331–347. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0704
Qin Y (2008) Review-alginate fibres: an overview of the production processes and applications. Polym Int 57:171–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2296
Mirabedini A, Foroughi J, Romeo T, Wallace GGGG (2015) Development and characterization of novel hybrid hydrogel fibers. Macromol Mater Eng 300:1217–1225. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201500152
Qin Y (2005) Ion-exchange properties of alginate fibers. Text Res J 75:165–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051750507500214
Lansdown ABG (2006) Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Curr Probl Dermatol 33:17–34. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093928
Qin Y (2005) Silver-containing alginate fibres and dressings. Int wound J 2:172–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4801.2005.00101.x
Walker M, Parsons D (2014) The biological fate of silver ions following the use of silver-containing wound care products—a review. Int wound J 11:496–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01115.x
Qin Y (2004) Gel swelling properties of alginate fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2–6
Qin Y (2008) The gel swelling properties of alginate fibers and their applications in wound management. Polym Adv Technol 19:6–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.960
Agboh O, Qin Y (1998) Chitin and chitosan fibers. Polym Adv Technol 8:355–365
Khor E, Yong L (2003) Implantable applications of chitin and chitosan. Biomaterials 24:2339–2349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00026-7
Kumar M (1999) Chitin and chitosan fibres: a review. Bull Mater Sci 22:905–915
Sonia T, Sharma C (2011) Chitosan and its derivatives for drug delivery perspective. Adv Polym Sci 243:23–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2011_117
Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Kumar P, Nair S, Tamura H (2011) Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnol Adv 29:322–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005
Hirano S, Bash E (2001) wet-spinning and applications of functional fibers based on chitin and chitosan. Macromol Symp 168:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Wei YC, Hudson SM, Mayer JM (1992) The crosslinking of chitosan fibers. J Polym SciA 30:2187–2193
Lee KY, Mooney DJ (2012) Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 37:106–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003
Song R, Xue R, He L, Liu Y, Xiao Q (2008) The structure and properties of chitosan/polyethylene glycol/silica ternary hybrid organic-inorganic films. Chin J Polym Sci 26:621–630
Xie H, Zhang S, Li S (2006) Chitin and chitosan dissolved in ionic liquids as reversible sorbents of CO2. Green Chem 8:630–633. https://doi.org/10.1039/b517297g
Han C, Zhang L, Sun J, Shi H, Zhou J, Gao C (2010) Application of collagen-chitosan/fibrin glue asymmetric scaffolds in skin tissue engineering. Biomed & Biotechnol 11:524–530. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0900400
Ma L, Gao C, Mao Z, Zhou J, Shen J (2003) Collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds with improved biostability for skin tissue engineering. Biomater 24:4833–4841. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00374-0
Tangsadthakun C, Kanokpanont S, Sanchavanakit N, Banaprasert T, Damrongsakkul S (2006) Properties of collagen/chitosan scaffolds for skin tissue engineering fabrication of collagen/chitosan scaffolds. J Met Mater Miner 16:37–44
Wang X, Yan Y, Xiong Z, Lin F, Wu R, Zhang R, Lu Q (2005) Preparation and evaluation of ammonia-treated collagen/chitosan matrices for liver tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 75B:91–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30264
Abbas AA, Lee SY, Selvaratnam L, Yusof N, Kamarul T (2008) Porous PVA-chitosan based hydrogel as an extracellular matrix scaffold for cartilage regeneration. Eur Cell Mater 16:50–51
Ang TH, Sultana FSA, Hutmacher DW, Wong YS, Fuh JYH, Mo XM, Loh HT, Burdet E, Teoh SH (2002) Fabrication of 3D chitosan—hydroxyapatite scaffolds using a robotic dispensing system. Mater Sci Eng C 20:35–42
Breyner NM, Zonari AA, Carvalho JL, Gomide VS, Gomes D, Góes AM (2011) Cartilage tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells and 3D chitosan scaffolds—in vitro and in vivo assays. Biomaterials science and engineering. InTech Published, Institute of Biologic Science, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Brazil, pp 211–226
Iqbal M, Xiaoxue SÆ (2009) A review on biodegradable polymeric materials for bone tissue engineering applications. J Mater Sci 44:5713–5724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3770-7
Hussain A, Collins G, Yip D, Cho CH (2012) Functional 3-D cardiac co-culture model using bioactive chitosan nanofiber scaffolds. Biotech Bioeng 110:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24727
Martins A, Reis RL, Neves NM (2007) Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanomedi 2:929–942
Zhang T, Wan LQ, Xiong Z, Marsano A, Maidhof R, Park M, Yan Y, Vunjak-novakovic G (2012) Channelled scaffolds for engineering myocardium with mechanical stimulation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 6:748–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/term
Koo S, Ahn SJ, Hao Z, Wang JC, Yim EK (2011) Human corneal keratocyte response to micro- and nano-gratings on chitosan and PDMS. Cell Mol Bioeng 4:399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-011-0186-7
Draget KI, Smidsrùd PO, Skjåk-brñk PG (2005) Alginates from Algae. In: Polysccharides and polyamides in the food industry. Properties, production and patents. Wiley, Weinheim, pp 1–30
Wang L, Li C, Chen Y, Dong S, Chen X, Zhou Y (2013) Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/nanohydroxyapatite scaffold containing chitosan microspheres with adrenomedullin delivery for modulation activity of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Biomed Res Int 2013:1–13
Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang M (2010) Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:83–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.019
Patel MP, Patel RR, Patel JK (2010) Chitosan mediated targeted drug delivery system: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 13:536–557
East G, Qin Y (2003) Wet spinning of chitosan and the acetylation of chitosan fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 50:1773–1779. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501013
Wan Y, Cao X, Zhang S, Wang S, Wu Q (2008) Fibrous poly(chitosan-g-dl-lactic acid) scaffolds prepared via electro-wet-spinning. Acta Biomater 4:876–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2008.01.001
Doucet BM, Lam A, Griffin L (2012) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle function. Yale J Biol Med 85:201–215
Hsu M, Wei S, Chang Y, Gung C (2011) Effect of neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on energy expenditure in healthy adults. Sensors 11:1932–1942. https://doi.org/10.3390/s110201932
Longo U, Loppini M, Berton A, Spiezia F, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2012) Tissue engineered strategies for skeletal muscle injury. Stem Cells Int 2012:175038. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/175038
Meng S, Rouabhia M, Zhang Z, De D, De F, Laval U (2011) Electrical stimulation in tissue regeneration. In: Applied biomedical engineering, pp 37–62
Rupp A, Dornseifer U, Fischer A, Schmahl W, Rodenacker K, Uta J, Gais P, Biemer E, Papadopulos N, Matiasek K (2007) Electrophysiologic assessment of sciatic nerve regeneration in the rat: surrounding limb muscles feature strongly in recordings from the gastrocnemius muscle. J Neurosci Methods 166:266–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.015
Wei Z (2014) Nanoscale tunable reduction ofgraphene oxide for graphene electronics. Science (80)1373:1372–1376. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1188119
Chao Y, Chao EY, Inoue N (2003) Biophysical stimulation of bone fracture repair, regeneration and remodelling. Eur Cell Mater 6:72–85
Lafayette W (2003) Criteria for the selection of materials for implanted electrodes. Anal Biomed Eng 31:879–890. https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1581292
Green RA, Hassarati RT, Goding JA, Baek S, Lovell NH, Martens PJ, Poole-Warren LA (2012) Conductive hydrogels: mechanically robust hybrids for use as biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 12:494–501. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201100490
Kim DOK (2001) High temperature mechanical properties. Platin Metels Rev 45:74–82
Lacour SP, Benmerah S, Tarte E, Fitzgerald J, Serra J, McMahon S, Fawcett J, Graudejus O, Yu Z, Morrison B (2010) Flexible and stretchable micro-electrodes for in vitro and in vivo neural interfaces. Med Biol Eng Comput 48:945–954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0644-8
Ludwig KA, Uram JD, Yang J, Martin DC, Kipke DR (2006) Chronic neural recordings using silicon microelectrode arrays electrochemically deposited with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. J Neural Eng 3:59–70
Humayun MS, Weiland JD, Fujii GY, Greenberg R, Williamson R, Little J, Mech B, Cimmarusti V, Van Boemel G, Dagnelie G, De Juan E (2003) Visual perception in a blind subject with a chronic microelectronic retinal prosthesis. Vision Res 43:2573–2581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00457-7
Ben-jacob E, Hanein Y (2008) Carbon nanotube micro-electrodes for neuronal interfacing. J Mater Chem 18:5181–5186. https://doi.org/10.1039/b805878b
Wallace G, Moulton S, Kapsa R, Higgins M (2012) Key elements of a medical bionic device. In: Organic bionics, p 240
Katsnelson MI (2007) Graphene: carbon in two dimensions. Mater Today 10:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71788-6
Jalili R (2012) Wet-spinning of nanostructured fibres. University of Wollongong
Li D, Müller M, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG (2008) Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol 3:101–106. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.451
Cheng H, Hu C, Zhao Y, Qu L (2014) Graphene fiber: a new material platform for unique applications. NPG Asia Mater 6:e113. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2014.48
Xu Z, Gao C (2011) Graphene chiral liquid crystals and macroscopic assembled fibres. Nat Commun 2:571–579. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1583
Cong H-P, Ren X-C, Wang P, Yu S-H (2012) Wet-spinning assembly of continuous, neat, and macroscopic graphene fibers. Sci Rep 2:613. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00613
Jalili R, Aboutalebi H, Esrafilzadeh D, Shepherd R, Chen J, Aminorroaya-yamini S, Konstantinov K, Minett A, Razal J, Wallace G (2013) Scalable one-step wet-spinning of graphene fibers and yarns from liquid crystalline dispersions of graphene oxide: towards multifunctional textiles. Adv Funct Mater 23:5345–5354. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201300765
Fan X, Peng W, Li Y, Li X, Wang S, Zhang G, Zhang F (2008) Deoxygenation of exfoliated graphite oxide under alkaline conditions: a green route to graphene preparation. Adv Mater 20:4490–4493. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801306
Rourke J, Pandey P, Moore J, Bates M, Kinloch I, Young R, Wilson NR (2011) The real graphene oxide revealed: stripping the oxidative debris from the graphene-like sheets. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:3173–3177. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007520
Shirakawa H, Louis EJ, MacDiarmid AG, Chiang CK, Heeger AJ (1977) Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x. JCS Chem Comm 16:578–580
Street TC, Clarke GB (1981) Conducting polymers: a review of recent work. IBM J Res Dev 25:51–57
Macdiarmid AG (2001) Synthetic metals: a novel role for organic polymers (nobel lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed 40:2581–2590
Chandrasekhar P (1999) Conducting polymers: fundamentals and applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers
Diaz AF, Kanazawa KK, Gardini GP (1979) Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. JCS Chem Commun 635–636. https://doi.org/10.1039/c39790000635
Lin Y, Wallace GG (1994) Factors influencing electrochemical release of 2,6-anthraquinone disulphonic acid from polypyrrole. J Control Release 30:137–142
Spinks GM, Xi B, Truong V, Wallace GG (2005) Actuation behaviour of layered composites of polyaniline, carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole. Synth Metels 151:85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.03.006
Wallace GG, Kane-maguire LAP (2002) Manipulating and monitoring biomolecular interactions with conducting electroactive polymers. Adv Mater 14:953–960
Wang J, Too CO, Zhou D, Wallace GG (2005) Novel electrode substrates for rechargeable lithium/polypyrrole batteries. J Power Sources 140:162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.08.040
Barisci JN, Stella R, Spinks GM, Wallace GG (2001) Study of the surface potential and photovoltage of conducting polymers using electric force microscopy. Synth Metels 124:407–414
Kane-Maguire LA, Norris ID, Wallace GG (1999) Properties of chid polyaniline in various oxidation states. Synth Metels 101:817–818
Kane-maguire LAP, Macdiarmid AG, Norris ID, Wallace GG (1999) Facile preparation of optically active polyanilines via the in situ chemical oxidative polymerisation of aniline. Synth Metels 106:171–176
Liu C, Lin C, Kuo C, Lin S, Chen W (2011) Conjugated rod—coil block copolymers: synthesis, morphology, photophysical properties, and stimuli-responsive applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:603–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.008
Wang C, Ballantyne A, Hall S, Too C, Officer D, Wallace G (2006) Functionalized polythiophene-coated textile: a new anode material for a flexible battery. J Power Sources 156:610–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.06.020
Li C, Bai H, Shi G (2009) Conducting polymer nanomaterials: electrosynthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 38:2149–2496. https://doi.org/10.1039/b816681c
Wan M (2009) Some issues related to polyaniline micro-/nanostructures. Macromol Rapid Commun 30:963–975. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800817
Heeger AJ (2002) Semiconducting and metallic polymers: the fourth generation of polymeric materials. Synth Metels 125:23–42
Laslau C, Zujovic Z, Travas-sejdic J (2010) Theories of polyaniline nanostructure self-assembly: towards an expanded, comprehensive multi-layer theory (MLT). Prog Polym Sci 35:1403–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.08.002
Stejskal J, Sapurina I, Trchová M (2010) Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Prog Polym Sci 35:1420–1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.006
Semire B, Odunola OA (2011) Semiempirical and density functional theory study on structure of fluoromethylfuran oligomers. Aust J Bas Appl Sci 5:354–359
Tamer U, Kanbeş Ç, Torul H, Ertaş N (2011) Preparation, characterization and electrical properties of polyaniline nanofibers containing sulfonated cyclodextrin group. React Funct Polym 71:933–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.06.002
Gupta N, Sharma S, Mir I, Kumar D (2006) Advances in sensors based on conducting polymers. J Sci Ind Res 65:549–557
Xia L, Wei Z, Wan M (2010) Conducting polymer nanostructures and their application in biosensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 341:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.029
Guimard NK, Gomez N, Schmidt CE (2007) Conducting polymers in biomedical engineering. Prog Polym Sci 32(32):876–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.012
Huang ZB, Yin GF, Liao XM, Gu JW (2014) Conducting polypyrrole in tissue engineering applications. Front Mater Sci 8:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-014-0238-8
Jager EWH, Immerstrand C, Magnusson K, Inganas O, Lundstrom I (2000) Biomedical applications of polypyrrole microactuators : from single-cell clinic to microrobots. In: Annual international IEEE-EMBS special topic conference on microtechnologies in medicine & biology, pp 58–61
Min Y, Yang Y, Poojari Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Hansford DJ, Epstein AJ (2013) Sulfonated Polyaniline-based organic electrodes for controlled electrical stimulation of human osteosarcoma cells. Biomacromolecules 14:1727–1731
Quigley BAF, Razal JM, Thompson BC, Moulton SE, Kita M, Kennedy EL, Clark GM, Wallace GG, Kapsa RMI (2009) A Conducting-polymer platform with biodegradable fibers for stimulation and guidance of axonal growth. Adv Mater 21:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901165
Lu X, Zhang W, Wang C, Wen T-C, Wei Y (2011) One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:671–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010
Foroughi J, Spinks G, Wallace G (2011) Chemical High strain electromechanical actuators based on electrodeposited polypyrrole doped with di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. Sens Actuators B 155:278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.12.035
Smela BE (2003) Conjugated polymer actuators for biomedical applications. Adv Mater 15:481–494
Perepichka IF, Besbes M, Levillain E, Salle M, Roncali J (2002) Hydrophilic oligo (oxyethylene)-derivatized optoelectroelectrochemical properties and solid-state chromism. Chem Mater 14:449–457
Esrafilzadeh D, Razal J, Moulton S, Stewart E, Wallace G (2013) Multifunctional conducting fibres with electrically controlled release of ciprofloxacin. J Control Release 169:313–320
Seyedin S, Razal JM, Innis PC, Jeiranikhameneh A, Beirne S, Wallace GG (2015) Knitted strain sensor textiles of highly conductive all-polymeric fibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:21150–21158. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04892
Esfandiari A (2008) PPy covered cellulosic and protein fibres using novel covering methods to improve the electrical property. World Appl Sci J 3:470–475
Wallace GG, Spinks G, Maxwell Kane-Maguire LA, Teasdale, PR (2009) Conductive electroactive polymers: Intelligent polymer systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, United States
Weng B, Shepherd RL, Crowley K, Killardb AJ, Wallace GG (2010) Printing conducting polymers. Analyst 135:2779–2789. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0an00302f
Kipphan HH (2001) Handbook of print media. Springer Science & Business Media
Earls A, Baya V (2014) The road ahead for 3-D printers. Disruptive Manuf Eff 3D Print 14
Gomes TC, Constantino CJL, Lopes EM, Job AE, Alves N (2012) Thermal inkjet printing of polyaniline on paper. Thin Solid Films 520:7200–7204
Kulkarni MV, Apte SK, Naik SD, Ambekar JD, Kale BB (2013) Ink-jet printed conducting polyaniline based flexible humidity sensor. Sens Actuators B 178:140–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.12.046
Mabrook MF, Pearson C, Petty MC (2006) Inkjet-printed polypyrrole thin films for vapour sensing. Sens Actuators B 115:547–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.10.019
Weng B, Morrin A, Shepherd R, Crowley K, Killard AJ, Innis PC, Wallace GG (2014) Wholly printed polypyrrole nanoparticle-based biosensors on fl exible substrate. J Mater Chem B 2:793–799. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21378a
Zergioti I, Makrygianni M, Dimitrakis P, Normand P, Chatzandroulis S (2011) Laser printing of polythiophene for organic electronics. Appl Surf Sci 257:5148–5151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.145
Fischer JE, Tang X, Scherr EM, Cajipe VB, MacDiarmid AG (1991) Polyaniline fibers and films: stretch-induced orientation and crystallization, morphology, and the nature of the amorphous phase. Synth Metels 43:661–664
Jannakoudakis AD, Jannakoudakis PD, Pagalos N, Theodoridou E (1993) Electro-oxidation of aniline and electrochemical behaviour of the produced polyaniline film on carbon-fibre electrodes in aqueous methanolic solutions. Electrochim Acta 38:1559–1566
Tzou KT, Gregory RV (1995) Improved solution stability and spinnability of concentrated polyaniline solutions using N,N′-dimethyl propylene urea as the spin bath solvent. Synth Metels 69:109–112
Mattes BR, Wang HL, Yang D (1997) Formation of conductive polyaniline fibers drived from highly concentrated emeraldine base solutions. Synth Metels 84:45–49
Unni SM, Dhavale VM, Pillai VK, Kurungot S (2010) High Pt utilization electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by dispersing Pt particles formed by a preprecipitation method on carbon “polished” with polypyrrole. J Phys Chem C 114:14654–14661
Dadras MA, Entezami A (1993) New synthesis method of polythiophenes. Iran Polym J 3:2–12
Roncali J (1992) Conjugated poiy(th1ophenes): synthesis, functionalizatlon, and applications. Chem Rev 92:711–738
Groenendaal BL, Jonas F, Freitag D, Pielartzik H, Reynolds JR (2000) Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives: past, present, and future. Adv Mater 12:481–494
Zhang X, Macdiarmid AG, Manohar SK (2005) Chemical synthesis of PEDOT nanofibers. Chem Commun 12:5328–5330. https://doi.org/10.1039/b511290g
Åkerfeldt M (2015) Electrically conductive textile coatings with PEDOT: PSS. University of Boras
Environ E, Alemu D, Wei H, Ho K, Chu C (2012) Environmental Science Highly conductive PEDOT: PSS electrode by simple film treatment with methanol for ITO-free polymer solar cells. Energy Environ Sci 5:9662–9671. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22595f
Guo X, Liu X, Lin F, Li H, Fan Y, Zhang N (2015) Highly Conductive transparent organic electrodes with multilayer structures for rigid and flexible optoelectronics. Sci Rep 5:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10569
Islam MM, Chidembo AT, Aboutalebi SH, Cardillo D, Liu HK, Al E (2014) Liquid crystalline graphene oxide/PEDOT: PSS self-assembled 3D architecture for binder-free supercapacitor electrodes. Front Mater Sci 2:1–21
Kim BH, Park DH, Joo J, Yu SG, Lee SH (2005) Synthesis, characteristics, and field emission of doped and de-doped polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes and nanowires. Synth Metels 150:279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.02.012
Baik W, Luan W, Zhao RH, Koo S, Kim K (2009) Synthesis of highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) fiber by simple chemical polymerization. Synth Metels 159:1244–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.02.044
Okuzaki H, Ishihara M (2003) Spinning and characterization of conducting microfibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 24:261–264
Okuzaki H, Harashina Y, Yan HH (2009) Highly conductive PEDOT/PSS microfibers fabricated by wet-spinning and dip-treatment in ethylene glycol. Eur Polym J 45:256–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.027
Jalili R, Razal JM, Innis PC, Wallace GG (2011) One-Step wet-spinning process of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) fibers and the origin of higher electrical conductivity. Adv Func Mater 21:3363–3370. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100785
Han D, Lee HJ, Park S (2005) Electrochemistry of conductive polymers XXXV: electrical and morphological characteristics of polypyrrole films prepared in aqueous media studied by current sensing atomic force microscopy. Electrochim Acta 50:3085–3092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.085
Vernitskaya TV, Efimov ON (1997) Polypyrrole: a conducting polymer; its synthesis, properties and applications. Russ Chem Rev 443:443–457
Ateh D, Navsaria H, Vadgama P (2006) Polypyrrole-based conducting polymers and interactions with biological tissues. J R Soc Interface 3:741–752. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0141
Virji S, Huang J, Kaner RB, Weiller BH (2004) Polyaniline nanofiber gas sensors: examination of response mechanisms. Nano Lett 4:491–496. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl035122eCCC
Wu J, Pawliszyn J (2001) Preparation and applications of polypyrrole films in solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 909:37–52
Foroughi J (2009) Development of novel nanostructured conducting polypyrrole fibres. University of Wollongong
Kim D, Kim YD (2007) Electrorheological properties of polypyrrole and its composite ER fluids. J Ind Eng Chem 13:879–894
Cui CJ, Wu GM, Yang HY, She SF, Shen J, Zhou B, Zhang ZH (2010) A new high-performance cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries: polypyrrole/vanadium oxide nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 55:8870–8875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.087
Kakuda S, Momma T, Osaka T (1995) Ambient-temperature, rechargeable, all-solid lithium/polypyrrole polymer battery. J Electrochem Soc 142:1–2
Li X, Hao X, Yu H, Na H (2008) Fabrication of Polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole (PAN/Ppy) composite nanofibres and nanospheres with core—shell structures by electrospinning. Mater Lett 62:1155–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.08.003
Saville P (2005) Polypyrrole, formation and use
Foroughi J, Spinks GM, Wallace GG, Whitten PG (2008) Production of polypyrrole fibres by wet spinning. Synth Metels 158:104–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.12.008
Rowley NM, Mortimer RJ (2002) New electrochromic materials. Sci Prog 85:243–262
Mccullough LA, Dufour B, Matyjaszewski K (2009) Polyaniline and polypyrrole templated on self-assembled acidic block copolymers. Macromolecules 42:8129–8137. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901560k
Li Y, Cheng XY, Leung MY, Tsang J, Tao XM, Yuen MCW (2005) A flexible strain sensor from polypyrrole-coated fabrics. Synth Metels 155:89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.06.008
Xing S, Zhao G (2007) Morphology, structure, and conductivity of polypyrrole prepared in the presence of mixed surfactants in aqueous solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 104:1987–1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/app
Grunden B, Iroh JO (1995) Formation of graphite fibre polypyrrole coatings by aqueous electrochemical polymerization. Polym J 36:559–563
Flores O, Romo-Uribe A, Romero-Guzman ME, Gonzalez AE, Cruz-Silva R, Campillo B (2009) Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of polypropylene reinforced with polyaniline-grafted short glass fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 112:934–941. https://doi.org/10.1002/app
Granato F, Bianco A, Bertarelli C, Zerbi G (2009) Composite polyamide 6/polypyrrole conductive nanofibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 30:453–458. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800623
Nair S, Natarajan S, Kim S (2005) Fabrication of electrically conducting polypyrrole-poly (ethylene oxide) composite nanofibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 26:1599–1603. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200500457
Wang H, Leaukosol N, He Z (2013) Microstructure, distribution and properties of conductive polypyrrole/cellulose fiber composites. Cellulose 20:1587–1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9945-z
Kim CY, Lee JY, Kim DY (1998) Soluble, electroconductive polypyrrole and method for preparing the same. US5795953
Lee GJ, Lee SH, Ahn KS, Kim KH (2002) Synthesis and characterization of soluble polypyrrole with improved electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 84:2583–2590. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10281
Oh EJ, Jang KS (2001) Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight, highly soluble polypyrrole in organic solvents. Synth Metels 119:109–110
Qi Z, Pickup PG (1997) Size control of polypyrrole particles. Chem Mater 9:2934–2939
Li BS, Macosko CW, White HS (1993) Electrochemical processing of electrically conductive polymer fibers. Adv Mater 5:575–576
Cho JW, Jung H (1997) Electrically conducting high-strength aramid composite fibres prepared by vapour-phase polymerization of pyrrole. J Mater Sci 32:5371–5376
Gholivand MB, Abolghasemi MM, Fattahpour P (2011) Polypyrrole/hexagonally ordered silica nanocomposite as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 704:174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.045
Maziz A, Khaldi A, Persson N, Jager EWH (2015) Soft linear electroactive polymer actuators based on polypyrrole. In: Proceedings of SPIE, pp 1–6
Xu C, Wang P, Bi X (1995) Continuous vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole. I. Electrically conductive composite fiber of polypyrrole with poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). J Appl Polym Sci 58:2155–2159
Chronakis IS, Grapenson S, Jakob A (2006) Conductive polypyrrole nanofibers via electrospinning: electrical and morphological properties. Polym J 47:1597–1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.032
Srivastava Y, Loscertales I, Marquez M, Thorsen T (2007) Electrospinning of hollow and core/sheath nanofibers using a microfluidic manifold. Microfluid Nanofluid 4:245–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-007-0177-0
Sen S, Davis FJ, Mitchell GR, Robinson E (2009) Conducting nanofibres produced by electrospinning. J Phys 183:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/183/1/012020
Hamilton S, Hepher MJ, Sommerville J (2005) Polypyrrole materials for detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds. Sens Actuators B 107:424–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.11.001
Maity S, Chatterjee A (2015) Textile/polypyrrole composites for sensory applications. J Compos 2015:1–6
Geiger B, Bershadsky A, Pankov R, Yamada KM, Correspondence BG (2001) Transmembrane extracellular matrix—cytoskeleton crosstalk. Nat Rev 2:793–805. https://doi.org/10.1038/35099066
Farra N (2008) Development and characterization of conductive polyaniline fibre actuators. University of Toronto
Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A (2008) Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer (Guildf) 49:5603–5621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.014
Reneker DH, Chun I (1996) Nanometre diameter fibres of polymer, produced by electrospinning. Nanotechnology 7:216–223
Huang ZM, Zhang Y-Z, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S, Huang Z-M, Zhang Y-Z, Kotaki SR (2003) A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 63:2223–2253
Bhattarai P, Thapa KB, Basnet RB, Sharma Saurav (2014) Electrospinning: how to produce nanofibers using most inexpensive technique? An insight into the real challenges of electrospinning such nanofibers and its application areas. IJBAR 5:79–80. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar
Ziebicki A (2010) Fundamentals of fibre formation. Wiley, London
Srivastava Y, Marquez M, Thorsen T (2009) Microfluidic electrospinning of biphasic nanofibers with Janus morphology. Biomicrofluidics 3:12801. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3009288
Mirabedini A, Foroughi J, Wallace GGGG (2016) Developments in conducting polymer fibres: from established spinning methods toward advanced applications. RSC Adv 6:44687–44716. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA05626A
Elahi F, Lu W, Guoping G, Khan F (2013) Core-shell fibers for biomedical applications—a review. J Bioeng Biomed Sci 3:1–14. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9538.1000121
Khan SN (2007) Electrospinning polymer nanofibers-electrical and optical characterization. Ohio University
Dersch R, Liu T, Schaper AK, Greiner A, Wendorff JH (2003) Electrospun nanofibers: internal structure and intrinsic orientation. J Polym Sci A 41:545–553. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.10609
Dong B, Arnoult O, Smith ME, Wnek GE (2009) Electrospinning of collagen nanofiber scaffolds from benign solvents. Macromol Rapid Commun 30:539–542. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800634
Greiner A, Wendorff JH, Yarin AL, Zussman E (2006) Biohybrid nanosystems with polymer nanofibers and nanotubes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 71:387–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0356-z
Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Kumar PTS (1990) Novel chitin and chitosan materials in wound dressing. Biomedical engineering, trends in materials science. InTech Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India, pp 3–25
Jeong SI, Ph D, Krebs MD, Bonino CA, Samorezov JE, Khan SA, Alsberg E (2011) In situ polyelectrolyte complexation for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. TISSUE Eng Part A 17. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0086
Lee Y-S, Livingston Arinzeh T (2011) Electrospun nanofibrous materials for neural tissue engineering. Polymers (Basel) 3:413–426. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym3010413
Wang J, Huang X, Xiao J, Li N, Yu W, Wang W, Xie W, Ma X, Teng Y (2010) Spray-spinning: a novel method for making alginate/chitosan fibrous scaffold. J Mater Sci 21:497–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3867-1
Xuejun Xin MH (2007) Continuing differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenic lineage in electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffold. Biomaterials 28:316–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.042
Zong X, Bien H, Chung CY, Yin L, Fang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B, Entcheva E (2005) Electrospun fine-textured scaffolds for heart tissue constructs. Biomaterials 26:5330–5338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.052
Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ramakrishna S (2009) Electrical stimulation of nerve cells using conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Tissue Eng: A 15:3605–3619. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0689
Xu X, Chen X, Ma P, Wang X, Jing X (2008) The release behavior of doxorubicin hydrochloride from medicated fibers prepared by emulsion-electrospinning. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 70:165–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.03.010
Xu X, Chen X, Wang Z, Jing X (2009) Ultrafine PEG-PLA fibers loaded with both paclitaxel and doxorubicin hydrochloride and their in vitro cytotoxicity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 72:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.10.015
Ho Y-C, Huang F-M, Chang Y-C (2007) Cytotoxicity of formaldehyde on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 83:340–344. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmb
Huang ZM, He CL, Yang A, Zhang Y, Han XJ, Yin J, Wu Q (2006) Encapsulating drugs in biodegradable ultrafine fibers through co-axial electrospinning. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 77:169–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30564
Kim K, Luu YK, Chang C, Fang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B, Hadjiargyrou M (2004) Incorporation and controlled release of a hydrophilic antibiotic using poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. J Control Release 98:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.009
Xie J, Wang CH (2006) Electrospun micro- and nanofibers for sustained delivery of paclitaxel to treat C6 glioma in vitro. Pharm Res 23:1817–1826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-9036-z
Xu X, Chen X, Xu X, Lu T, Wang X, Yang L, Jing X (2006) BCNU-loaded PEG-PLLA ultrafine fibers and their in vitro antitumor activity against Glioma C6 cells. J Control Release 114:307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.05.031
Chew SY, Wen J, Yim EKF, Leong KW (2005) Sustained release of proteins from electrospun biodegradable fibers. Biomacromolecules 6:2017–2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0501149
Jiang H, Hu Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Zhu K, Chen W (2005) A facile technique to prepare biodegradable coaxial electrospun nanofibers for controlled release of bioactive agents. J Control Release 108:237–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.006
Nie H, Wang CH (2007) Fabrication and characterization of PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds for delivery of BMP-2 plasmid DNA. J Control Release 120:111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.018
Repanas A, Wolkers W, Müller M, Gryshkov O, Glasmacher B (2015) Pcl/Peg electrospun fibers as drug carriers for the controlled delivery of dipyridamole. J Silico Vitr Pharmacol 1:1–10
Maleknia L, Rezazadeh Majdi Z (2014) Electrospinning of gelatin nanofiber for biomedical application. Orient J Chem 30:2043–2048. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/300470
Khalil KA, Fouad H, Elsarnagawy T, Almajhdi FN (2013) Preparation and characterization of electrospun PLGA/silver composite nanofibers for biomedical applications. Int J Electrochem Sci 8:3483–3493
Talebian S, Mehrali MM, Mohan S, Balaji raghavendran HR, Mehrali MM, Khanlou HM, Kamarul T, Afifi AM, Abass AA (2014) Chitosan (PEO)/bioactive glass hybrid nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 4:49144–49152. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA06761D
Krogstad EA, Woodrow KA (2014) Manufacturing scale-up of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers containing tenofovir for vaginal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 475:282–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.039
Hu C, Gong RH, Zhou FL (2015) Electrospun sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide fibers and nanocoated yarns. Int J Polym Sci 2015:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/126041
Khil M-S, Cha D-I, Kim H-Y, Kim I-S, Bhattarai N (2003) Electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane membrane as wound dressing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 67:675–679. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.10058
Balaji Raghavendran HRB, Puvaneswary S, Talebian S, Raman Murali M, Vasudevaraj Naveen S, Krishnamurithy G, McKean R, Kamarul T (2014) A comparative study on in vitro osteogenic priming potential of electron spun scaffold PLLA/HA/Col, PLLA/HA, and PLLA/Col for tissue engineering application. PLoS ONE 9:e104389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104389
Ali S, Khatri Z, Oh KW, Kim IS, Kim SH (2014) Preparation and characterization of hybrid polycaprolactone/cellulose ultrafine fibers via electrospinning. Macromol Res 22:562–568
Ren X, Akdag A, Zhu C, Kou L, Worley SD, Huang TS (2009) Electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 91:385–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32260
Hilal Algan A, Pekel-Bayramgil N, Turhan F, Altanlar N (2015) Ofloxacin loaded electrospun fibers for ocular drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv
Venugopal J, Ma LL, Yong T, Ramakrishna S (2005) In vitro study of smooth muscle cells on polycaprolactone and collagen nanofibrous matrices. Cell Biol Int 29:861–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellbi.2005.03.026
Shin M, Ishii O, Sueda T, Vacanti JP (2004) Contractile cardiac grafts using a novel nanofibrous mesh. Biomaterials 25:3717–3723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.055
Li W, Laurencin CT, Caterson EJ, Tuan RS, Ko FK (2002) Electrospun nanofibrous structure: a novel scaffold for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 60:613–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10167
Rujitanaroj PO, Pimpha N, Supaphol P (2008) Wound-dressing materials with antibacterial activity from electrospun gelatin fiber mats containing silver nanoparticles. Polymer (Guildf) 49:4723–4732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.021
Moncrieff RW (1970) Man-Made Fibres. Wiley, Illustrate
Gupta MN, Sengupta AK, Kothari V (1997) Manufactured fibre technology. Springer Science & Business Media
Huang T, Marshall LR, Armantrout JE, Yembrick S, Dunn WH, Oconnor JM, Mueller T, Avgousti M, Wetzel MD (2012) Production of nanofibers by melt spinning. 3–6
Jia J, Yao D, Wang Y (2014) Melt spinning of continuous filaments by cold air attenuation melt spinning of continuous filaments by cold air. Text Res J 84:604–613
Woodings C (2001) Regenerated cellulose fibres, illustrate. CRC Press
Dogine K (1970) Formation of fibers and development their structure: wet spinning and dry spinning. The society of fiber science and technology
Kang E, Jeong GS, Choi YY, Lee KH, Khademhosseini A, Lee S-H (2011) Digitally tunable physicochemical coding of material composition and topography in continuous microfibres. Nat Mater 10:877–883. http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v10/n11/abs/nmat3108.html#supplementary-information
Liu H, Xu W, Zou H, Ke G, Li W, Ouyang C (2008) Feasibility of wet spinning of silk-inspired polyurethane elastic biofiber. Mater Lett 62:1949–1952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.10.061
Puppi D, Piras AM, Chiellini F, Chiellini E, Martins A, Leonor IB, Neves N, Reis R (2011) Optimized electro- and wet-spinning techniques for the production of polymeric fibrous scaffolds loaded with bisphosphonate and hydroxyapatite. J Tissue Eng Regenerative Med 5:253–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.310
Tuzlakoglu K, Pashkuleva I, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME, Van Lenthe GH, Muller R, Reis RL (2010) A new route to produce starch-based fiber mesh scaffolds by wet spinning and subsequent surface modification as a way to improve cell attachment and proliferation. J Biomed Mater Res A 92:369–377. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32358
Caves JM, Cui W, Wen J, Kumar VA, Haller CA, Chaikof EL (2011) Elastin-like protein matrix reinforced with collagen microfibers for soft tissue repair. Biomaterials 32:5371–5379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.009
Puppi D, Mota C, Gazzarri M, Dinucci D, Gloria A, Myrzabekova M, Ambrosio L, Chiellini F (2012) Additive manufacturing of wet-spun polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Microdevices 14:1115–1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-012-9677-0
Cornwell KG, Pins GD (2010) Enhanced proliferation and migration of fibroblasts on the surface of fibroblast growth factor-2-loaded fibrin microthreads. Tissue Eng: A 16:3669–3677. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEA.2009.0600
Hwang CM, Khademhosseini A, Park Y, Sun K, Lee SH (2008) Microfluidic chip-based fabrication of PLGA microfiber scaffolds for tissue engineering. Langmuir 24:6845–6851. https://doi.org/10.1021/la800253b
Lu HH, Cooper JA, Manuel S, Freeman JW, Attawia MA, Ko FK, Laurencin CT (2005) Anterior cruciate ligament regeneration using braided biodegradable scaffolds: in vitro optimization studies. Biomaterials 26:4805–4816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.050
Razal JM, Gilmore KJ, Wallace GG (2008) Carbon nanotube biofiber formation in a polymer-free coagulation bath. Adv Funct Mater 18:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700822
Lavin DM, Harrison MW, Tee LY, Wei KA, Mathiowitz E (2012) A novel wet extrusion technique to fabricate self-assembled microfiber scaffolds for controlled drug delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 100 A:2793–2802. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34217
Cronin EM, Thurmond FA, Williams RS, Wright WE, Nelson KD, Garner HR (2004) Protein-coated poly(L-lactic acid) fibers provide a substrate for differentiation of human skeletal muscle cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 69:373–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30009
Yilgor P, Tuzlakoglu K, Reis RL, Hasirci N, Hasirci V (2009) Incorporation of a sequential BMP-2/BMP-7 delivery system into chitosan-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 30:3551–3559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.024
Jung MR, Shim IK, Kim ES, Park YJ, Il Yang Y, Lee SK, Lee SJ (2011) Controlled release of cell-permeable gene complex from poly(L-lactide) scaffold for enhanced stem cell tissue engineering. J Control Release 152:294–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.002
Chiang CY, Mello CM, Gu J, Silva ECCM, Van Vliet KJ, Belcher AM (2007) Weaving genetically engineered functionality into mechanically robust virus fibers. Adv Mater 19:826–832. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602262
Palakurthi NK, Correa ZM, Augsburger JJ, Banerjee RK (2011) Toxicity of a biodegradable microneedle implant loaded with methotrexate as a sustained release device in normal rabbit eye: a pilot study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 27:151–156. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2010.0037
Neves SC, Moreira Teixeira LS, Moroni L, Reis RL, Van Blitterswijk CA, Alves NM, Karperien M, Mano JF (2011) Chitosan/poly(e-caprolactone) blend scaffolds for cartilage repair. Biomaterials 32:1068–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.073
Enea D, Henson F, Kew S, Wardale J, Getgood A, Brooks R, Rushton N (2011) Extruded collagen fibres for tissue engineering applications: effect of crosslinking method on mechanical and biological properties. J Mater Sci Mater Med 22:1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4336-1
Leonor IB, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME, Reis RL (2010) In situ functionalization of wet-spun fibre meshes for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 4:524–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/term
Nie HL, Ma ZH, Fan ZX, Branford-White CJ, Ning X, Zhu LM, Han J (2009) Polyacrylonitrile fibers efficiently loaded with tamoxifen citrate using wet-spinning from co-dissolving solution. Int J Pharm 373:4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.03.022
Meier C, Welland ME (2011) Wet-spinning of amyloid protein nanofibers into multifunctional high-performance biofibers. Biomacromolecules 12:3453–3459. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm2005752
De Moraes MA, Beppu MM (2013) Biocomposite membranes of sodium alginate and silk fibroin fibers for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 130:3451–3457. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39598
Li J, Liu D, Hu C, Sun F, Gustave W, Tian H, Yang S (2016) Flexible fibers wet-spun from formic acid modified chitosan. Carbohyd Polym 136:1137–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.022
Yu DG, Shen XX, Zheng Y, Ma ZH, Zhu LM, Branford-White C (2008) Wet-spinning medicated PAN/PCL fibers for drug sustained release. In: 2nd international conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering, iCBBE, pp 1375–1378
Majima T, Funakosi T, Iwasaki N, Yamane S-TT, Harada K, Nonaka S, Minami A, Nishimura S-II (2005) Alginate and chitosan polyion complex hybrid fibers for scaffolds in ligament and tendon tissue engineering. J Orthop Sci 10:302–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-005-0891-y
Zhang D (2014) Advances in filament yarn spinning of textiles and polymers. Woodhead Publishing
Wieden H, Romatowski J, Moosmueller F, Lenz H (1969) Polyurethane spinning solutions containing ethylene diamine and bis-(4-aminophenyl)-alkane polyurethanes. 6–11
Hooshmand S, Aitomäki Y, Norberg N, Mathew AP, Oksman K (2015) Dry-spun single-filament fibers comprising solely cellulose nanofibers from bioresidue. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:13022–13028
Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shao H, Hu X (2016) Hybrid silk fibers dry-spun from regenerated silk fibroin/graphene oxide aqueous solutions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:3349–3358. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b11245
Chang J, Lee Y-H, Wu M, Yang M-C, Chien C (2012) Preparation of electrospun alginate fibers with chitosan sheath. Carbohydr Polym 87:2357–2361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.054
Han D, Boyce ST, Steckl AJ (2008) Versatile core-Sheath biofibers using coaxial electrospinning. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 1094:33–38
Lu X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Wang D, Zhang W, Wang C, Wei Y (2006) Preparation and characterization of polypyrrole/TiO2 coaxial nanocables. Macromol Rapid Commun 27:430–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200500810
Yarin A (2011) Coaxial electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning of core—shell fibers. Polym Adv Technol 22:310–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1781
Yu D, Branford-White K, Chatterton N, Zhu L, Huang L, Wang B (2011) A modified coaxial electrospinning for preparing fibers from a high concentration polymer solution. Express Polym Lett 5:732–741. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.71
Granero A, Razal J, Wallace G, Panhuis M (2010) Conducting gel-fibres based on carrageenan, chitosan and carbon nanotubes.pdf. J Mater Chem 20:7953–7956. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00985g
Nohemi R, Araiza R, Rochas C, David L, Domard A (2008) Interrupted wet-spinning process for chitosan hollow fiber elaboration. Macromol Symp 266:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200850601
Kou L, Huang T, Zheng B, Han Y, Zhao X, Gopalsamy K, Sun H, Gao C (2014) Coaxial wet-spun yarn supercapacitors for high-energy density and safe wearable electronics. Nat Commun 5:3754. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4754
Gupta V (1997) Solution-spinning processes. In: Gupta VB, Kothari VK (eds) Manufactured fibre technology. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 124–138
Buragotiain C, Vojta M, Uchtyama Y, Nohara M, Ino T, Terasaki I, Aharony A, Cowtey RA, Yoshiiawa H, Oguchi A, Neto AHC, Imada M, Sandvik W, Neto AHC, Birgeneau RJ, Greven M, Halperin BI, Nelson DR, Kastner MA, Stanley HE, Harris B, Birfieneau RJ, Castro AH (2002) Micro/nano encapsulation via electrified coaxial liquid jets. Science 80(295):1695–1699
Reneker DH, Yarin AL (2008) Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers. Polym J 49:2387–2425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.002
Wei M, Kang B, Sung C, Mead J (2006) Core-sheath structure in electrospun nanofibers from polymer blends. Macromol Mater Eng 291:1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200600284
Liao IC, Chew SY, Leong KW (2006) Aligned core-shell nanofibers delivering bioactive proteins. Nanomedicine 1:465–471. https://doi.org/10.2217/17435889.1.4.465
Moghe AK, Gupta BS (2008) Co-axial Electrospinning for nanofiber structures: preparation and applications. Polym Rev 48:353–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583720802022257
Su Y, Li X, Wang H, He C, Mo X (2009) Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable nanofibrous mats by mix and coaxial electrospinning. J Mater Sci Mater Med 20:2285–2294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3805-2
Fu Y, Kao WJ (2011) Drug Release kinetics and transport mechanisms of nondegradable and degradable polymeric delivery systems. NIH Public Access 7:429–444. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425241003602259.Drug
Li Y, Chen F, Nie J, Yang D (2012) Electrospun poly (lactic acid)/chitosan core—shell structure nanofibers from homogeneous solution. Carbohyd Polym 90:1445–1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.013
Wongsasulak S, Patapeejumruswong M, Weiss J, Supaphol P, Yoovidhya T (2010) Electrospinning of food-grade nanofibers from cellulose acetate and egg albumen blends. J Food Eng 98:370–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.014
Zhang Y, Huang Z, Xu X, Lim CT, Ramakrishna S (2004) Preparation of core-shell structured PCL-r-gelatin Bi-component nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning. Chem Mater 12:3406–3409
Jalaja K, Naskar D, Kundu SC, James NR (2016) Potential of electrospun core-shell structured gelatin-chitosan nanofibers for biomedical applications. Carbohyd Polym 136:1098–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.014
Xu X, Zhuang X, Chen X, Wang X, Yang L, Jing X (2006) Preparation of core-sheath composite nanofibers by emulsion electrospinning. Macromol Rapid Commun 27:1637–1642. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600384
Yang Y, Li X, Cui W, Zhou S, Tan R, Wang C (2008) Structural stability and release profiles of proteins from core-shell poly (DL-lactide) ultrafine fibers prepared by emulsion electrospinning. J Biomed Mater Res 86:374–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31595
Luo C, Stoyanov S, Stride E, Pelan E, Edirisinghe M (2012) Electrospinning versus fibre production methods from specifics to.pdf. Chem Soc Rev 41:4708–4735
Li F, Zhao Y, Song Y (2010) Core-shell nanofibers : nano channel and capsule by coaxial electrospinning. In: Kumar A (ed) Nanofibers, pp 419–438
McCann JT, Marquez M, Xia Y (2006) Melt coaxial electrospinning: a versatile method for the encapsulation of solid materials and fabrication of phase change nanofibers. Nano Lett 6:2868–2872. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0620839
Cabasso I, Klein E, Smith JK, South G (1976) Polysulfone hollow fibers. I. Spinning and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 20:2377–2394
Wienk IM, Scholtenhuis FHAO, Van Den Boomgaard T, Smolders CA (1995) Spinning of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes from a polymer blend. J Membr Sci 106:233–243
Aptel P, Abidine N, Ivaldi F, Lafaille JP (1985) Polysulfone hollow fibers—effect of spinning conditions on ultrafiltration properties. J Membr Sci 22:199–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)81280-6
Britain G, Macmillan MP, Republic GD, Chemistry P, Correns E (1989) Polymer hollow fiber membranes for removal of toxic substances from blood. Prog Polym Sci 14:597–627
Polacco G, Cascone MG, Lazzeri L, Ferrara S, Giusti P (2002) Biodegradable hollow fibres containing drug-loaded nanoparticles as controlled release systems. Polym Int 51:1464–1472. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.1086
Lee SH (2011) Microfluidic wet spinning of chitosan-alginate microfibers. Biomicrofluid 5:22208. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3576903
Cited R, City O, Data RUA (2003) Drug releasing biodegradable fiber for delivery of therapeutics. 32
Schakenraad JM, Oosterbaan JA, Nieuwenhuis P, Molenam I (1988) Biodegradable hollow fibres for the controlled release of drugs. Biomaterials 9:116–120
Greidanus PJ (1990) Biodegradable polymer substrates loaded with active substance suitable for the controlled release of the active substance by means of a membrane. 6
Greidanus PJ, Feijen J, Eem’nk MJD, Rieke JC, Olijslager J, Albers JHM (1990) Biodegradable polymer substrates loaded with active substance suitable for the controlled release of the active substance by means of a membrane. US4965128
Nelson KD, Crow BB (2003) Drug releasing biodegradable fiber delivery of therapeutics. US7033603B2
Ochi R, Nagamine S (2005) Spinneret for wet-spinning acrylic sheath-core compound fiber. WO2005111280A1
Stęplewski W, Wawro D, Niekraszewicz A, Ciechańska D (2006) Research into the process of manufacturing alginate-chitosan fibres. Fiber Text East 14:25–31
Gupta B, Revagade N, Hilborn J (2007) Poly(lactic acid) fiber: an overview. Prog Polym Sci 32:455–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.005
Teo WE, Ramakrishna S (2006) A review on electrospinning design and nanofibre assemblies. Nanotechnology 17:R89–R106. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/14/R01
Park G, Jung Y, Lee G, Hinestroza JP, Jeong Y (2012) Carbon nanotube/poly (vinyl alcohol) fibers with a sheath-core structure prepared by wet spinning. Fibers Polym 13:874–879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0874-5
Li S, Shu K, Zhao C, Wang C, Guo Z, Wallace G, Liu HK (2014) One-step synthesis of graphene/polypyrrole nano fiber composites as cathode material for a biocompatible zinc/polymer battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:16679–16686
Tsukada S, Nakashima H, Torimitsu K (2012) Conductive polymer combined silk fiber bundle for bioelectrical signal recording. PLoS ONE 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033689
Wallace GG, Spinks GM, Leon AP, Teasdale PR (2003) Conductive electroactive intelligent materials systems
Cullen DK, Patel AR, Doorish JF, Smith DH, Pfister BJ (2008) Developing a tissue-engineered neural-electrical relay using encapsulated neuronal constructs on conducting polymer fibers. J Neural Eng 5:374–384. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/5/4/002
Li M, Guo Y, Wei Y, Macdiarmid AG, Lelkes PI (2006) Electrospinning polyaniline-contained gelatin nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. Biomater 27:2705–2715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.037
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mirabedini, A. (2018). Introduction and Literature Review. In: Developing Novel Spinning Methods to Fabricate Continuous Multifunctional Fibres for Bioapplications. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95378-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95378-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95377-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95378-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)