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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits pp 437–463Cite as

Advanced Innovative Tools in Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Breeding

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Abstract

Lemon ( Citrus limon L. Burm. F.; Rutaceae) is one of the most important commercial and nutritional fruits in the world. Therefore, it needs to be improved for the diverse needs of consumers and crop breeders. Breeders have attempted to eliminate undesirable characteristics in plants and develop new varieties with desired characteristics that meet the needs of farmer and consumer by using different breeding techniques. In lemon breeding, seedlessness or with fewer seeds, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress , acidity , yield , quality and early- or late-ripening are the most desired features and topics. Lemon improvement through conventional breeding is time consuming and cumbersome. Moreover, it has obstacles such as the high degree of heterozygosis due to frequent gene mutations either in reproductive or somatic cells and long juvenility in conventional breeding . In recent years, both conventional and molecular breeding techniques have been used to obtain new lemon varieties. In particular, the use of molecular techniques is rapidly increasing in an attempt to reduce the difficulties faced in conventional breeding like specific reproductive physiology of lemon and protracted length of time. In this chapter, conventional and advanced lemon breeding techniques are evaluated and discussed. In addition, emergent methods and technologies are evaluated to advance basic and applied lemon -breeding methods and to suggest directions for future research .

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ertuğrul Turgutoğlu for his critical reading of this work and for helpful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM), Antalya, Turkey

    Ilknur Polat

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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendix 1: Research Institutes and Online Resources

List of major Institutes engaged in research on lemon ( Citrus limon L. Burm. F.)

  1. 1.

    Citrus Variety Collection . University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. e-mail: academicpersonnel@ucr.edu

  2. 2.

    National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus , USDA, ARS Natl Germplasm Repos, 1060 Martin Luther King Blvd. Riverside, CA 92507, USA. e-mail: marylou.polek@ars.usda.gov

  3. 3.

    Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA

  4. 4.

    University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 3100 Dutton Hall Davis, CA 95616 USA.

  5. 5.

    Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Alata Bahçe Kül. Araş. Enst. 33740, Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey. e-mail: alata@tarim.gov.tr

  6. 6.

    Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM), Demircikara Mah. Paşa Kavakları Cad. No: 11 Pbox: 35, Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey. e-mail: batem@tarim.gov.tr

  7. 7.

    University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Ziraat Fakültesi Dekanlığı, Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey. e-mail: bahce@mail.cu.edu.tr

  8. 8.

    Citrus Research Institute (CRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District Beijing P.R.China. e-mail: diccaas@caas.cn

  9. 9.

    Southwest Minzu University, #16, South Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China. e-mail: WJ@swun.edu.cn

  10. 10.

    National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 P.R.China. e-mail: cric@163.com; www.cric.cn

  11. 11.

    Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China.

  12. 12.

    Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis São Paolo, Brazil. e-mail: https://www.givaudan.com

  13. 13.

    Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera, km. 4, 5, 46113, Valencia, Spain. e-mail: www.ivia.es

  14. 14.

    Central Citrus Research Institute (CCRI), Nagpur, Post Box No. 464, Amravati Road, Nagpur—440033, Maharashtra, India. e-mail: director.ccri@icar.gov.in

  15. 15.

    University of Catania, Piazza Università, 2-95131 Catania—Partita IVA 02772010878, Italy. e-mail: protocollo@pec.unict.it

  16. 16.

    Centro di Studio per il Miglioramento Genetico degli Agrumi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Male delle Scienze, Palenno 90128, Sicily, Italy. e-mail: www.cnr.it

  17. 17.

    Centro di Ricerca per l’Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190 95024—Acireale, Italy. e-mail: acm@crea.gov.it 

  18. 18.

    University of Palermo, Università degli Studi di Palermo Piazza Marina, 61 90133—Palermo, Italy. e-mail: www.unipa.it

  19. 19.

    Citrus Research International, South Africa. e: www.citrusres.com

  20. 20.

    National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Lucien Brétignières 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France. e-mail: www.inra.fr

  21. 21.

    Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel. e-mail: https://tau.ac.il

  22. 22.

    Institute of Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. e-mail: http://www.moag.gov.il

  23. 23.

    Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina. e-mail: http://www.uba.ar

Appendix 2: Genetic Resources

A list of some of cultivars , their important traits and country of release

No.

Variety

Selection and breeding method

Year

Country of release

1

Eureka 22 INTA

Mutation breeding

1987

Argentina

2

Alata

Mutation breeding

2007

Turkey

3

Gülşen

Mutation breeding

2007

Turkey

4

Uzun

Mutation breeding

2007

Turkey

5

Eylul

Mutation breeding

2007

Turkey

6

Galya

Mutation breeding

2007

Israel

7

Ayelet

Mutation breeding

2007

Israel

8

Feminello Siracusano 2KR

Mutation breeding

1990

Italia

9

Lisbon

Clone

1824

Portugal

10

Limoniera 8A Lisbon

Clone

1966

USA

11

Frost Lisbon

Nucellar selection

1950

USA

12

Corona Foothills Lisbon

Nucellar selection

1980

USA

13

Rosenberger Lisbon

Hybridization breeding

1995

USA

14

Limoneiro Fino 49

Clone

 

Spain

15

Eureka

Selection from local variety

1850s

Italy

16

Frost nucellar Eureka

Budwood

 

USA

17

Taylor Eureka

Nucellar selection

1989

Australia

18

Variegated Pink

Bud sport

1931

USA

19

Meyer

Selection from local variety

1908

China

20

Improved Meyer

Clone

1950

USA

21

Santa Teresa

Selection from local variety

 

Italy

22

Ponderosa

Hybridization breeding

1887

USA

23

Yen Ben

Selection from local variety

1930

New Zealand

24

Villafranca

Selection from local variety

1875

Italy

25

Genoa (Genova)—Italian

Selection from local variety

1875

Italy

26

Feminello

Budwood

1966

USA

27

Santa Teresa Feminello

Selection from local variety

1960s

Italy

28

Lamas

Selection from local variety

1990

Turkey

29

Yediveren

Selection from local variety

2014

Turkey

30

Kütdiken

Selection from local variety

1990

Turkey

31

Interdonato

Selection from local variety

1875

Italy

32

BATEM Pınarı

Selection from local variety

2011

Turkey

33

BATEM Sarısı

Selection from local variety

2011

Turkey

34

Italyan Memeli

Selection from local variety

1990

Turkey

35

Karalimon

Selection from local variety

1990

Turkey

36

Kıbrıs Limonu

Selection from local variety

1990

Turkey

37

Lapithkiotiki

Selection from local variety

 

North Cyprus

38

Volkamer

Hybridization breeding

1955

Italy

39

Baboon

Selection from local variety

 

Brazil

40

Cameron Highlands

Selection from local variety

 

Malaysia

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Polat, I. (2018). Advanced Innovative Tools in Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7_12

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