Abstract
Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. It is grown in more than 130 countries, mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. Sweet orange represents about 60% of total citrus production , being marketed as fresh fruit or as processed juice. Mandarins represent about 21% of total citrus fruit production and are intended for the fresh market. Conventional breeding in citrus by hybridization is hampered by its complex genetics and reproductive biology (apomixis , partial pollen and/or ovule sterility , cross- and self-incompatibility and high heterozigosity). In addition, citrus have a long juvenile period and usually take several years for hybrids to set fruit . Despite these limitations, many citrus breeding programs exploiting both diploidy and polyploidy as well as mutation breeding exist worldwide. From them, very important advances in releasing new varieties adapted to new market demands, as well as achievements in gaining knowledge of citrus genetics and genomics . The development of molecular markers , the availability of a reference genetic map, the advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species allow the acceleration of key studies such as germplasm characterization , marker -assisted selection , gene function discovery and variety improvement .
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Appendix 1: Research Institutes and Online Resources
Appendix 1: Research Institutes and Online Resources
Institution | Contact information and website |
---|---|
Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA). Spain | CV-315 km 10,7 46113 Moncada, Valencia (Spain) |
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/La Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (INRA/CIRAD). France | 20230, San-Giuliano (France) |
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA). Italy | Corso Savoia 190 95024Acireale(Italy) |
Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center. Israel | Derech HaMaccabim 68, Rishon LeTsiyon, (Israel) |
Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC). USA | 700 Experiment Station Rd. Lake Alfred, FL 33850 (USA) |
Agricultural Experiment Station-Citrus Research Center. University of California, Riverside. USA | 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521 (USA) |
Centro de Citricultura ‘Sylvio Moreira’. Brazil | Rodovia Anhangüera, Km 158, Cordeirópolis, SP (Brasil) |
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) | Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF (Brazil) |
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Argentina | Av. Rivadavia 1439 (C1033AAE) Buenos Aires (Argentina) |
Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) EE Salto Grande. Uruguay | Camino al Terrible, Salto (Uruguay) |
Citrus Research Institute (CRI). Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. China | Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing (China) |
Institute of Citrus Science (ICS). HZAU. China | Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 (China) |
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science.Citrus Research Station. Japan | 485-6 Okitsunaka-cho, Shimizu, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 424-0284 (Japan) |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) | Gate 13, Kintore Avenue University of AdelaideAdelaide SA 5000 (Australia) |
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Cuenca, J., Garcia-Lor, A., Navarro, L., Aleza, P. (2018). Citrus Genetics and Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7_11
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