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Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes

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Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Fungal mutualistic association with plant species has become one of the important emerging contemporary issues in biology. Non-mycorrhizal endophytic fungal studies have multifold interest owing to their basic and applied value. Various tissues (leaf, stem, bark, seed, root, rhizome, and tuber) of a wide array of phototrophs (forest trees, plantations, shrubs, medicinal plants, vegetables, macrophytes, seaweeds, seagrass, ferns, and orchids) occurring in different ecosystems (terrestrial, riparian, freshwaters, mangroves, marine, marshes, and coastal sand dunes) have attracted the attention of researchers. The main focus of such interest is to understand their coevolution, life history, lifestyle, diversity, ecology, stress tolerance, natural products, biological control, bioprospects, and bioremediation. Climate change and anthropogenic interference on biodiversity have dramatic impact on the mutualistic association between plant species and endophytic fungi. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview on endophytic fungal studies carried out in different plant species, ecological perspectives, methods, and applications in different fields.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search

CAZymes:

Carbohydrate active enzymes

DGGE:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DSE:

Dark septate endophytes

EM:

Ectomycorrhizal

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

ITS:

Internal transcribed spacer

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

LSU:

Large subunit

MAP:

Mitogen-activated protein

OTU:

Operational taxonomic unit

PCWDE:

Plant cell wall degrading enzyme

RBP:

Retinal-binding protein

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

RIA:

Radioimmunoassay

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SSU:

Small subunit

TEF:

Transcription enhancer factor

UPLC-ESI-MS/MS:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

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Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges the award of UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. The author is grateful to the Mangalore University for the award of adjunct professorship.

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  1. Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

    Kandikere R. Sridhar

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sumita Jha

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Sridhar, K.R. (2019). Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes. In: Jha, S. (eds) Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_5-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_5-2

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  1. Latest

    Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes
    Published:
    05 December 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_5-2

  2. Original

    Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes
    Published:
    13 October 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_5-1

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