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Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites for Osteochondral Tissue

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Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1058))

Abstract

For many years, the avascular nature of cartilage tissue has posed a clinical challenge for replacement, repair, and reconstruction of damaged cartilage within the human body. Injuries to cartilage and osteochondral tissues can be due to osteoarthritis, sports, aggressive cancers, and repetitive stresses and inflammation on wearing tissue. Due to its limited capacity for regeneration or repair, there is a need for suitable material systems which can recapitulate the function of the native osteochondral tissue physically, mechanically, histologically, and biologically. Tissue engineering (TE) approaches take advantage of principles of biomedical engineering, clinical medicine, and cell biology to formulate, functionalize, and apply biomaterial scaffolds to aid in the regeneration and repair of tissues. Nanomaterial science has introduced new methods for improving and fortifying TE scaffolds, and lies on the forefront of cutting-edge TE strategies. These nanomaterials enable unique properties directly correlated to their sub-micron dimensionality including structural and cellular advantages. Examples include electrospun nanofibers and emulsion nanoparticles which provide nanoscale features for biomaterials, more closely replicating the 3D extracellular matrix, providing better cell adhesion, integration, interaction, and signaling. This chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of osteochondral regeneration and repair using TE strategies with a focus on nanomaterials and nanocomposites.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge funding support from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health (award number: R01EB020640), the Connecticut Regenerative Medicine Research Fund (grant Number: 15-RMB-UCHC-08) in support of this work. Ohan S. Manoukian acknowledges the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE-1747453).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA

    Ohan S. Manoukian, Swetha Rudraiah & Sangamesh G. Kumbar

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Ohan S. Manoukian, Connor Dieck, Taylor Milne & Sangamesh G. Kumbar

  3. Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA

    Caroline N. Dealy

  4. Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA

    Swetha Rudraiah

Authors
  1. Ohan S. Manoukian
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  2. Connor Dieck
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  3. Taylor Milne
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  4. Caroline N. Dealy
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  5. Swetha Rudraiah
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  6. Sangamesh G. Kumbar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sangamesh G. Kumbar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    J. Miguel Oliveira

  2. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Sandra Pina

  3. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Rui L. Reis

  4. Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Julio San Roman

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Manoukian, O.S., Dieck, C., Milne, T., Dealy, C.N., Rudraiah, S., Kumbar, S.G. (2018). Nanomaterials/Nanocomposites for Osteochondral Tissue. In: Oliveira, J., Pina, S., Reis, R., San Roman, J. (eds) Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1058. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_4

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