Abstract
The combustion of conventional energy sources such as fossil fuels is linked to global climate change. The extraction, transportation, and supply of fuels based on fossil are also associated to local and regional geo-political and economic instability, and concerns over socio-economic sustainability in various parts of the world. Therefore, there is a strong push to enhance use of renewable energy without impacting economic growth. Further, it is becoming increasingly more important to utilize and incorporate renewable energy to meet ever increase world power consumption. The use of photovoltaics as a renewable solar energy has gained greater attention since 1990s. According to International Energy Agency (IEA), solar photovoltaics are expected to become the world largest producer of energy by contributing >15% to the global demand by 2050. Although more extensive reviews are available in the literature, in this mini-review we discuss various available alternative energy sources, and provide history, development, and characterization of photovoltaic devices (including first-, second- and third-generation photovoltaic devices with different chalcogenide materials). Emphasis is given to recent developments in the area of photovoltaic devices including Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and perovskite-based photovoltaics. The wide applications of photovoltaics in residential (>200 GW), construction (BIPV module), and space industry have also been reviewed in this article.
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We would like to acknowledge National Science Foundation (CHE 0748676), National Institutes of Health (GM 106364), the Office of Vice-Chancellor of Research, and Office of Sponsored Projects Administration (OSPA) at the Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC) were acknowledged for partial financial support of this article.
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Dasari, M., Balaraman, R.P., Kohli, P. (2018). Photovoltaics and Nanotechnology as Alternative Energy. In: Dasgupta, N., Ranjan, S., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Environmental Nanotechnology. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76090-2_7
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