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Amphipol-Mediated Immobilization of Membrane Proteins and Its Applications

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Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Summary

Tagged amphipols (APols) are obtained by chemically grafting APols with moieties that can interact with specific partners. They combine in a single molecule three highly useful properties: keeping membrane proteins (MPs) water-soluble, stabilizing them, and functionalizing them. MPs trapped with tagged APols can be attached to solid supports and other scaffolds in a gentle, non-covalent but permanent manner, without interacting themselves with the support nor having to be genetically nor chemically modified. Furthermore, a single tagged APol can be used for any number of MPs. Three types of tags have been thoroughly validated to date – biotin, polyhistidine, and an oligonucleotide – and three more are under development, randomly distributed imidazoles, sulfides, and sulfhydrides. Between them, they cover a very broad range of properties, from low to extremely high affinity and from easy reversibility to near-irreversibility. They have been applied to immobilizing membrane proteins onto a variety of supports, including avidin-coated or nucleotide-bearing beads, chips, and culture plates. MPs immobilized via tagged APols remain native and functional and can be recognized by ligands big and small, such as antibodies, toxins, or neurotransmitter analogs, which can be directly or indirectly detected by such methods as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence microscopy. They have been used to select protein binders and to study the interaction of a bacterial outer membrane protein with a bacteriophage tail protein. They lend themselves well to multiplexing approaches permitting to immobilize multiple membrane proteins at defined positions onto chips or electrodes. Tagged APols have other possible applications, e.g. in structural biology and for medical uses.

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  1. Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France

    Jean-Luc Popot

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Popot, JL. (2018). Amphipol-Mediated Immobilization of Membrane Proteins and Its Applications. In: Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73148-3_13

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