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Extravascular Contrast Agents

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Quantification of Contrast Kinetics in Clinical Imaging

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Abstract

Extravascular contrast agents are characterized by the ability to pass across the vascular wall and distribute into tissue. Compared to intravascular contrast agents, they thus allow for additional assessment of permeability and leakage into the interstitial space. However, they also require more complex modeling, as the flow of contrast particles in and out of the tissue needs to be added in the description of the contrast transport kinetics. Extravascular contrast agents of clinical interest are typically extracellular; i.e., they do not cross the cell membrane. Although ultrasound nanobubbles able to cross the vascular endothelium are being developed, they are currently limited to the research setting. Therefore, this chapter focuses on extravascular extracellular contrast agent developed for DCE-MRI and DCE-CT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Massimo Mischi

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Simona Turco

  3. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Osama I. Soliman

  4. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Folkert J. ten Cate

  5. Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Hessel Wijkstra

  6. Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Ivo Schoots

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Mischi, M., Turco, S., Soliman, O.I., ten Cate, F.J., Wijkstra, H., Schoots, I. (2018). Extravascular Contrast Agents. In: Quantification of Contrast Kinetics in Clinical Imaging . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64638-1_4

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