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Methods, Techniques and Sensors for Precision Flood Monitoring Through Remote Sensing

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Flood Monitoring through Remote Sensing

Part of the book series: Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ((SPRINGERREMO))

Abstract

In this chapter we introduce the subject matter of the book, highlighting the many aspects of signal and image processing, modelling and interpretation involved in the production of high-precision flood maps from remotely sensed data. For each field linked to the flood mapping activity, we summarize some basic definitions and research aspects, reviewing briefly some of the most recent applications and citing appropriate literature. We then introduce organically the subjects treated in each of the following chapters.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In a monostatic, active remote sensor, the receiving antenna is placed close (possibly coincides with) the transmitting one. Otherwise, the sensor is said to be bistatic.

  2. 2.

    The incidence angle is defined as the angle between the direction of observation of the sensor (also known as line of sight or LOS) and the vertical direction.

  3. 3.

    As coherent devices, the polarization of waves emitted and received by radar sensor antennae can be controlled. Most currently available SAR instruments work with linear polarizations, conventionally referred to the horizontal (H) or vertical (V) direction. Transmitted and received polarization can be controlled independently, so that co-polarized (H-transmitted, H-received, or HH, and V-transmitted, V-received, or VV), as well as cross-polarized, channels (VH or HV) can be investigated [76, p. 541].

  4. 4.

    Radar frequency ranges are divided into bands, whose names and limits derive mainly from historical military conventions [105]. The most used by current satellite radar sensors are L (1 to 2 GHz), C (4 to 8 GHz) and X (8 to 12.5 GHz) bands, with P ( < 300 MHz) and, on the other extreme, K bands ( > 12 GHz) mostly used in airborne sensors.

  5. 5.

    Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors collect large clouds of precisely geocoded points, which can be then fused together into high-resolution matrices or sparse representations of the Earth surface, providing the highest-resolution DEMs available to date [116].

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    Alberto Refice & Annarita D’Addabbo

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    Domenico Capolongo

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    Alberto Refice

  2. Istituto di Studi sui Sistemi, Intelligenti per l’Automazione (ISSIA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bari, Italy

    Annarita D'Addabbo

  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Domenico Capolongo

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Refice, A., D’Addabbo, A., Capolongo, D. (2018). Methods, Techniques and Sensors for Precision Flood Monitoring Through Remote Sensing. In: Refice, A., D'Addabbo, A., Capolongo, D. (eds) Flood Monitoring through Remote Sensing. Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63959-8_1

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