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Carrageenan and More: Biorefinery Approaches with Special Reference to the Processing of Kappaphycus

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Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 9))

Abstract

In the age of increasing awareness of our planet’s limited resources, utilization of plant biomass not only for food but also for fuel and chemicals becomes an essential part of a more sustainable economy. Marine plants such as seaweeds have an especially high potential compared to land plants as the earth’s surface is mainly covered by water and they can be considered still under-utilized. This scenario is currently changing with the increasing areas of seaweed farms close to the shore in the Indo-Pacific area as well as the development of off-shore concepts on floats in the Atlantic Ocean. Of the different types of seaweeds brown and red seaweed have been utilized most so far. The major products obtained from red seaweeds today are carrageenans. Kappaphycus here plays a central role as it is the dominant source for kappa-carrageenan. While Kappaphycus, as any other seaweed, contains many more components, the production process is optimized for highest carrageenan yields. The modern zero-waste policy, however, requires production processes that will allow utilization of any by-product. Biorefinery approaches have been developed for many land plants over the last decade. Can these concepts be transferred to seaweeds as well? This chapter evaluates the challenges and opportunities for optimal utilization of the crude biomass from Kappaphycus seaweeds, with special focus on the latest applications and processing technologies for its main components, including carrageenan as a major valorization product.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich, 16 Schulgasse, 94315, Straubing, Germany

    José G. Ortiz-Tena, Doris Schieder & Volker Sieber

  2. Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch BioCat, Straubing, Germany

    Volker Sieber

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  1. José G. Ortiz-Tena
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  2. Doris Schieder
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  3. Volker Sieber
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Correspondence to Volker Sieber .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Services for the Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries (ISDA) Inc., Jaro, Philippines

    Anicia Q. Hurtado

  2. The Evangeline Trail Paradise, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alan T. Critchley

  3. PT Sea Six Energy Indonesia, Bali, Indonesia

    Iain C. Neish

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Ortiz-Tena, J.G., Schieder, D., Sieber, V. (2017). Carrageenan and More: Biorefinery Approaches with Special Reference to the Processing of Kappaphycus . In: Hurtado, A., Critchley, A., Neish, I. (eds) Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63498-2_10

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