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Micromechanics of Bone Modeled as a Composite Material

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Micromechanics and Nanomechanics of Composite Solids

Abstract

In this chapter, we present an overview of modeling of bone as a composite material. First, we describe bone’s complex hierarchical structure spanning from the nanoscale to macroscale and summarize bone’s mechanical properties and biological characteristics which include self-healing, adaptation, and regeneration. Then, we summarize nanomechanics and micromechanics modeling of bone. Effective medium theories such as Mori–Tanaka, self-consistent, and generalized self-consistent methods are used to model the elastic response of bone, while a finite element method is used to more precisely account for bone architecture and to simulate inelastic effects. Challenges in bone modeling include bone’s composite and hierarchical structure, lack of scale separations, scale and size effects, interfaces, porosity spanning across structural scales, and complex constitutive laws (anisotropic, nonlinear, Cosserat, time dependent, piezoelectric, poroelastic). Variability in bone properties due to the anatomic location, species, age, gender, and method of storage makes validation of theoretical models challenging. Finally, lessons learned from nature on bone structure–property relations can be applied to design stiff, strong, tough, and lightweight bioinspired materials.

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Acknowledgments

The author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the CMMI Program Grant 09-27909, and the DMR Program Grant 15-07169. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Iwona Jasiuk

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  1. Iwona Jasiuk
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Correspondence to Iwona Jasiuk .

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  1. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Shaker A. Meguid

  2. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    George J Weng

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Jasiuk, I. (2018). Micromechanics of Bone Modeled as a Composite Material. In: Meguid, S., Weng, G. (eds) Micromechanics and Nanomechanics of Composite Solids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52794-9_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52794-9_10

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