Abstract
The first injectable bone substitutes were introduced for orthopedic trauma applications since more than a decade, and over recent years the number of commercial products has dramatically increased. These substitutes can be injected into a fracture space for augmentation as an alternative to bone graft, or around a screw for augmentation if the bone is weak, so the injectability of the substitute must be optimum with a good behavior within and our of syringe. The aim of this work was to study the injectability of substitutes based on carrageenan CG with 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 60 wt% hydroxyapatite HA nanorods. Initially carrageenan and hydroxyapatite were characterized and then injectability tests were performed with the syringe between the compression plates of a testing machine. The material also was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that none of the samples had phases separation and they did not exceed 300 N of force (97.08, 107.84 and 149 N to each material), that the injectability was 95.71, 93.69 and 90.63% and the CG was a good vehicle for HA nanorods. Therefore, the substitutes are adequate for manual handling.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful with Biomaterials Research Group and Colciencias (2016-257 project) for providing the necessary reagents and studies during the development of this project, also they wish to thank to Diego Giraldo from GIPIMME Research Group of University of Antioquia for allowing the use of mechanical testing machine.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
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González, J.I., Ossa, C.P.O. (2017). Injectability Evaluation of Bone-Graft Substitutes Based on Carrageenan and Hydroxyapatite Nanorods. In: Meyers, M., et al. Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_4
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