Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cytomorphology of Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advanced Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound

  • 1956 Accesses

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are common, up to 60 % of the general population may have sonographically detectable thyroid nodule(s) though only up to 5 % of these harbor malignancy. The challenge facing general physicians, endocrinologists, surgeons, and pathologists is to achieve an accurate preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in order to ensure appropriate treatment of the patients with thyroid nodules. FNA is the most commonly used modality that helps to establish a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy. Based on cytologic interpretation and regardless of the terminology employed, about 25 % of the thyroid nodules are classified as “indeterminate,” i.e., not possible to specify if the nodule is benign, malignant or suspicious for malignancy with a high risk of cancer. This chapter provides an overview of many aspects of thyroid FNA including commonly employed preparatory techniques, diagnostic classification, and cytomorphology along with histopathology of various thyroid lesions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baloch ZW, Cibas ES, Clark DP, Layfield LJ, Ljung BM, Pitman MB, Abati A. The National Cancer Institute Thyroid fine needle aspiration state of the science conference: a summation. Cytojournal. 2008;5:6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ, Mazzaferri EL, McIver B, Sherman SI, Tuttle RM. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2006;16:109–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Baloch ZW, Tam D, Langer J, Mandel S, LiVolsi VA, Gupta PK. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: role of on-site assessment and multiple cytologic preparations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000;23:425–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhu W, Michael CW. How important is on-site adequacy assessment for thyroid FNA? An evaluation of 883 cases. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007;35:183–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kini SR. Thyroid cytopathology: an atlas and text. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2009;19:1159–65.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sheffield BS, Masoudi H, Walker B, Wiseman SM. Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Exp Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2014;9:97–110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bongiovanni M, Spitale A, Faquin WC, Mazzucchelli L, Baloch ZW. The Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology: a meta-analysis. Acta Cytol. 2012;56:333–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wong LQ, Baloch ZW. Analysis of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology and similar precursor thyroid cytopathology reporting schemes. Adv Anat Pathol. 2012;19:313–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bongiovanni M, Krane JF, Cibas ES, Faquin WC. The atypical thyroid fine-needle aspiration: past, present, and future. Cancer Cytopathol. 2012;120:73–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Faquin WC, Baloch ZW. Fine-needle aspiration of follicular patterned lesions of the thyroid: diagnosis, management, and follow-up according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommendations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38:731–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Krane JF, Vanderlaan PA, Faquin WC, Renshaw AA. The atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance: malignant ratio: a proposed performance measure for reporting in The Bethesda System for thyroid cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol. 2012;120:111–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. VanderLaan PA, Marqusee E, Krane JF. Usefulness of diagnostic qualifiers for thyroid fine-needle aspirations with atypia of undetermined significance. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136:572–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Strickland KC, Howitt BE, Marqusee E, Alexander EK, Cibas ES, Krane JF, Barletta JA. The impact of noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma on rates of malignancy for fine-needle aspiration diagnostic categories. Thyroid. 2015;25:987–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Maletta F, Massa F, Torregrossa L, Duregon E, Casadei GP, Basolo F, Tallini G, Volante M, Nikiforov YE, Papotti M. Cytological features of “non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” and their correlation with tumor histology. Hum Pathol. 2016;54:134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Murray D. The thyroid gland. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Baloch Z, LiVolsi VA. Pathology of the thyroid gland. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingston; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Layfield LJ, Wax T, Jones C. Cytologic distinction of goiterous nodules from morphologically normal thyroid: analyses of cytomorphologic features. Cancer. 2003;99:217–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Baloch ZW, Sack MJ, Yu GH, Livolsi VA, Gupta PK. Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid: an institutional experience. Thyroid. 1998;8:565–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Oertel YC, Oertel JE. Thyroid cytology and histology. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;14:541–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Vickery Jr AL. Thyroid papillary carcinoma. Pathological and philosophical controversies. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983;7:797–807.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Cytologic and architectural mimics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnostic challenges in fine-needle aspiration and surgical pathology specimens. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;125(Suppl):S135–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Khurana KK, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Aspiration cytology of pediatric solitary papillary hyperplastic thyroid nodule. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:1575–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Centeno BA, Szyfelbein WM, Daniels GH, Vickery Jr AL. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland in patients with prior Graves’ disease treated with radioactive iodine. Morphologic findings and potential pitfalls. Acta Cytol. 1996;40:1189–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Anderson SR, Mandel S, LiVolsi VA, Gupta PK, Baloch ZW. Can cytomorphology differentiate between benign nodules and tumors arising in Graves’ disease? Diagn Cytopathol. 2004;31:64–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim WB, Han SM, Kim TY, Nam-Goong IS, Gong G, Lee HK, Hong SJ, Shong YK. Ultrasonographic screening for detection of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60:719–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cantalamessa L, Baldini M, Orsatti A, Meroni L, Amodei V, Castagnone D. Thyroid nodules in Graves disease and the risk of thyroid carcinoma. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1705–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Fadda G, LiVolsi VA. Histology and aspiration cytology of benign thyroid diseases. Rays. 1999;24:182–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar N, Ray C, Jain S. Aspiration cytology of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in an endemic area. Cytopathology. 2002;13:31–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kumarasinghe MP, De Silva S. Pitfalls in cytological diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Pathology. 1999;31:1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Aozasa K, Tajima K, Tominaga N, Katagiri S, Yonezawa T, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K, Sawada M. Immunologic and immunohistochemical studies on chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with or without thyroid lymphoma. Oncology. 1991;48:65–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Babu N, Dey P. Fine needle aspiration cytology of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of thyroid. Cytopathology. 2002;13:188.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Baloch ZW, Fleisher S, LiVolsi VA, Gupta PK. Diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm”: a gray zone in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002;26:41–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Pu RT, Yang J, Wasserman PG, Bhuiya T, Griffith KA, Michael CW. Does Hurthle cell lesion/neoplasm predict malignancy more than follicular lesion/neoplasm on thyroid fine-needle aspiration? Diagn Cytopathol. 2006;34:330–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Deveci MS, Deveci G, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Fine-needle aspiration of follicular lesions of the thyroid. Diagnosis and follow-Up. Cytojournal. 2006;3:9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Clary KM, Condel JL, Liu Y, Johnson DR, Grzybicki DM, Raab SS. Interobserver variability in the fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of follicular lesions of the thyroid gland. Acta Cytol. 2005;49:378–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Tuttle RM, Lemar H, Burch HB. Clinical features associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy in patients with follicular neoplasia by fine-needle aspiration. Thyroid. 1998;8:377–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yang J, Schnadig V, Logrono R, Wasserman PG. Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: a study of 4703 patients with histologic and clinical correlations. Cancer. 2007;111:306–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nikiforov YE, Seethala RR, Tallini G, Baloch ZW, Basolo F, Thompson LD, Barletta JA, Wenig BM, Al Ghuzlan A, Kakudo K, Giordano TJ, Alves VA, Khanafshar E, Asa SL, El-Naggar AK, Gooding WE, Hodak SP, Lloyd RV, Maytal G, Mete O, Nikiforova MN, Nose V, Papotti M, Poller DN, Sadow PM, Tischler AS, Tuttle RM, Wall KB, LiVolsi VA, Randolph GW, Ghossein RA. Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1023.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Carpi A, Ferrari E, Sagripanti A, Nicolini A, Iervasi G, De Gaudio C, Romani R, Di Coscio G. Aspiration needle biopsy refines preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules defined at fine needle aspiration as microfollicular nodule. Biomed Pharmacother. 1996;50:325–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Asa SL. My approach to oncocytic tumours of the thyroid. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:225–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Montone KT, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. The thyroid Hurthle (oncocytic) cell and its associated pathologic conditions: a surgical pathology and cytopathology review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132:1241–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Giorgadze T, Rossi ED, Fadda G, Gupta PK, Livolsi VA, Baloch Z. Does the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of “Hurthle-cell neoplasm/follicular neoplasm with oncocytic features” denote increased risk of malignancy? Diagn Cytopathol. 2004;31:307–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Yang GC, Schreiner AM, Sun W. Can abundant colloid exclude oncocytic (Hurthle cell) carcinoma in thyroid fine needle aspiration? Cytohistological correlation of 127 oncocytic (Hurthle cell) lesions. Cytopathology. 2013;24:185.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Nasuti JF, Benedict C, Hurford M, Bibbo M. Differential diagnosis of oncocytic lesions of the breast and thyroid utilizing a semiquantitative approach. Acta Cytol. 1999;43:544–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Nguyen GK, Husain M, Akin MR. Cytodiagnosis of benign and malignant Hurthle cell lesions of the thyroid by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol. 1999;20:261–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Cochand-Priollet B, Prat JJ, Polivka M, Thienpont L, Dahan H, Wassef M, Guillausseau PJ. Thyroid fine needle aspiration: the morphological features on ThinPrep slide preparations. Eighty cases with histological control. Cytopathology. 2003;14:343–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ford L, Rasgon BM, Hilsinger Jr RL, Cruz RM, Axelsson K, Rumore GJ, Schmidtknecht TM, Puligandla B, Sawicki J, Pshea W. Comparison of ThinPrep versus conventional smear cytopreparatory techniques for fine-needle aspiration specimens of head and neck masses. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;126:554–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Rosai J. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of its many morphologic expressions and clinical correlates. Pathol Annu. 1985;20(Pt 1):1–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Szporn AH, Yuan S, Wu M, Burstein DE. Cellular swirls in fine needle aspirates of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a new diagnostic criterion. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:1470–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Albores-Saavedra J, Wu J. The many faces and mimics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2006;17:1–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Riazmontazer N, Bedayat G. Psammoma bodies in fine needle aspirates from thyroids containing nontoxic hyperplastic nodular goiters. Acta Cytol. 1991;35:563–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Das DK, Mallik MK, Haji BE, Ahmed MS, Al-Shama’a M, Al-Ayadhy B, George SS, Sathar SA, Junaid TA. Psammoma body and its precursors in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 2004;31:380–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Saleh H, Bassily N, Hammoud MJ. Utility of a liquid-based, monolayer preparation in the evaluation of thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration biopsy: comparison with the conventional smear method. Acta Cytol. 2009;53:130–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Baloch ZW, Shafique K, Flannagan M, Livolsi VA. Encapsulated classic and follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: comparative clinicopathologic study. Endocr Pract. 2010;16:952–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gallagher J, Oertel YC, Oertel JE. Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: fine-needle aspirates with histologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol. 1997;16:207–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zacks JF, de las Morenas A, Beazley RM, O’Brien MJ. Fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of colloid nodule versus follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;18:87–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ruiz-Velasco R, Waisman J, Van Herle AJ. Cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Diagnosis by needle aspiration with transmission electron microscopy. Acta Cytol. 1978;22:38–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Castro-Gomez L, Cordova-Ramirez S, Duarte-Torres R, Alonso de Ruiz P, Hurtado-Lopez LM. Cytologic criteria of cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Cytol. 2003;47:590–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Yang GC, Stern CM, Messina AV. Cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspiration may represent a subset of the encapsulated variant in WHO classification. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38:721–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. DeLellis RA, Lloyd RD, Heitz PU, Eng C, editors. WHO: pathology and genetics. Tumours of endocrine organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004. Kleihues P, Sobin LE, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Bocklage T, DiTomasso J, Ramzy I, Ostrowski M. Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: cytologic features and differential diagnostic considerations. Diagn Cytopathol. 1997;17:25–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Solomon A, Gupta PK, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Distinguishing tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from usual variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in cytologic specimens. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002;27:143–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Gupta S, Sodhani P, Jain S, Kumar N. Morphologic spectrum of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: role of cytology in identifying the variants. Acta Cytol. 2004;48:795–800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kumarasinghe MP. Cytomorphologic features of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A report of two cases in children. Acta Cytol. 1998;42:983–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Triggiani V, Ciampolillo A, Maiorano E. Papillary thyroid carcinoma, diffuse sclerosing variant, with abundant psammoma bodies. Acta Cytol. 2003;47:1141–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Hui PK, Chan JK, Cheung PS, Gwi E. Columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Fine needle aspiration findings in a case. Acta Cytol. 1990;34:355–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ylagan LR, Dehner LP, Huettner PC, Lu D. Columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Report of a case with cytologic findings. Acta Cytol. 2004;48:73–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Wu LS, Roman SA, Sosa JA. Medullary thyroid cancer: an update of new guidelines and recent developments. Curr Opin Oncol. 2011;23:22–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Albores-Saavedra J, LiVolsi VA, Williams ED. Medullary carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1985;2:137–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Asa SL. C-cell lesions of the thyroid. Pathol Case Rev. 1997;2:210–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Collins BT, Cramer HM, Tabatowski K, Hearn S, Raminhos A, Lampe H. Fine needle aspiration of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Acta Cytol. 1995;39:920–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Asioli S, Erickson LA, Righi A, Jin L, Volante M, Jenkins S, Papotti M, Bussolati G, Lloyd RV. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: validation of the Turin proposal and analysis of IMP3 expression. Mod Pathol. 2010;23:1269–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Tallini G. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Are we there yet? Endocr Pathol. 2011;22:190–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sadow PM, Faquin WC. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: an incubating entity. Front Endocrinol. 2012;3:77.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Bongiovanni M, Bloom L, Krane JF, Baloch ZW, Powers CN, Hintermann S, Pache JC, Faquin WC. Cytomorphologic features of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis of 40 cases. Cancer Cytopathol. 2009;117:185–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Ohori NP, Schoedel KE. Cytopathology of high-grade papillary thyroid carcinomas: tall-cell variant, diffuse sclerosing variant, and poorly differentiated papillary carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 1999;20:19–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Bishop JA, Ali SZ. Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;39:306–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hamburger JI, Miller JM, Kini SR. Lymphoma of the thyroid. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:685–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kossev P, Livolsi V. Lymphoid lesions of the thyroid: review in light of the revised European-American lymphoma classification and upcoming World Health Organization classification. Thyroid. 1999;9:1273–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Straus DJ. Primary thyroid lymphoma, a rare disease with a good treatment outcome. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101:543–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sarinah B, Hisham AN. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Asian J Surg. 2010;33:20–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Graff-Baker A, Sosa JA, Roman SA. Primary thyroid lymphoma: a review of recent developments in diagnosis and histology-driven treatment. Curr Opin Oncol. 2010;22:17–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Morgen EK, Geddie W, Boerner S, Bailey D, Santos Gda C. The role of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma: a retrospective study of nine cases and review of published series. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63:129–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Hughes JH, Jensen CS, Donnelly AD, Cohen MB, Silverman JF, Geisinger KR, Raab SS. The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of metastatic clear cell tumors. Cancer. 1999;87:380–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Papi G, Fadda G, Corsello SM, Corrado S, Rossi ED, Radighieri E, Miraglia A, Carani C, Pontecorvi A. Metastases to the thyroid gland: prevalence, clinicopathological aspects and prognosis: a 10-year experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66:565–71.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Owens CL, Basaria S, Nicol TL. Metastatic breast carcinoma involving the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2005;33:110–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Bula G, Waler J, Niemiec A, Koziolek H, Bichalski W, Gawrychowski J. Diagnosis of metastatic tumours to the thyroid gland by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Endokrynol Pol. 2010;61:427–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Cozzolino I, Malapelle U, Carlomagno C, Palombini L, Troncone G. Metastasis of colon cancer to the thyroid gland: a case diagnosed on fine-needle aspirate by a combined cytological, immunocytochemical, and molecular approach. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38:932–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Lam KY, Lo CY. Metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland: a study of 79 cases in Chinese patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122:37–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2009;19:1159–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Zubair W. Baloch M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Zubair W. Baloch M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zubair W. Baloch M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and the Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

    Mira Milas

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Susan J. Mandel

  3. Department of Radiology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jill E. Langer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baloch, Z.W. (2017). Cytomorphology of Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid. In: Milas, M., Mandel, S.J., Langer, J.E. (eds) Advanced Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44100-9_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44100-9_30

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44098-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44100-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation