Abstract
In the past couple of decades, advanced knowledge of cancer biology has revealed the predominant role of tumor microenvironment in tumor growth and progression. Different components in tumor microenvironment release sets of biological signals, which contribute to cell growth and survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition during metastases, angiogenesis, and development of drug resistance. The new understanding about the cancer cell-stroma interactions has been utilized to design various nanocarriers targeting the tumor environment for drug delivery. This can be achieved passively by using differential physiological features in the tumor microenvironment (e.g. different blood flow patterns or fenestrations in the tumor endothelium) or actively by recognizing specific molecular signatures on the cells in the tumor microenvironment. This chapter will discuss the biology of the tumor microenvironment and identify various cells and extracellular components that can be exploited to enhance cancer therapies and efficiently target nanotherapies to tumor loci.
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Abbreviations
- NP:
-
Nanoparticle
- EPR:
-
Enhanced Permeation and Retention
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- TAM:
-
Tumor-associated macrophage
- CAF:
-
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
- IIC:
-
Infiltrating immune cells
- CTL:
-
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
- TIL:
-
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- CAA:
-
Cancer-associated adipocytes
- ADF:
-
Adipocyte-derived fibroblasts
- HIF:
-
Hypoxia-inducible factor
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- PDGF:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- MMP:
-
Matrix metalloproteinase
- EGF:
-
Endothelial growth factor
- TGF-β:
-
Transforming growth factor beta
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- PlGF:
-
Placental growth factor
- SDF:
-
Stromal cell-derived factor
- HGH:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- IGF:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- GM-CSF:
-
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- M-CSF:
-
Monocyte-colony stimulating factor
- CSF-1:
-
Colony stimulating factor-1
- ICAM-1:
-
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- FABP:
-
Fatty acid-binding protein
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- IFN-γ:
-
Interferon gamma
- CCL:
-
Chemokines (C-C motif) ligand
- CXCL:
-
C-X-C motif chemokine
- CD:
-
Cluster of differentiation
- MIP:
-
Macrophage inhibitory protein
- PGE2:
-
Prostaglandin E2
- ZA:
-
Zoledronic acid
- HRG:
-
Histidine-rich glycoprotein
- STAT:
-
Signal transducers and activators of transcription
- TRAIL:
-
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- NF-KB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa b
- CTLA-4:
-
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein
- SIRPα:
-
Signal regulatory protein alpha
- ACT:
-
Adoptive cell therapy
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- NSCLC:
-
Non-small cell lung cancer
- PD-1:
-
Programmed death-1
- PD-L1:
-
Programmed death ligand 1
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- α-SMA:
-
α-smooth musche actin
- MPS:
-
Mononuclear phagocytic system
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene)glycol
- PAMAM:
-
Polyamidoamine
- PEI:
-
Polyethylenimine
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
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Leonard, F., Godin, B. (2016). Nanocarrier-Based Anticancer Therapies with the Focus on Strategies for Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Prokop, A., Weissig, V. (eds) Intracellular Delivery III. Fundamental Biomedical Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43525-1_4
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