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Physiological, Metabolic, and Molecular Responses of Plants to Abiotic Stress

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Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and Proteomics Perspective, Volume 2

Abstract

Plants respond to environmental challenges inducing several physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses. These responses are oriented to avoid or endure the adverse environmental condition in non-adapted plant genotypes. Under abiotic stress conditions, plants trigger mechanisms to minimize water loss through stomata; this affects photosynthetic ability of plants by reducing CO2 intake and fixation, therefore favoring the production of ROS and the incidence of oxidative damage. Therefore, the main metabolic responses of plants to abiotic stress will be oriented to cope with water loss (inducing compatible osmolyte biosynthesis) and oxidative stress (inducing biosynthesis of antioxidant compounds). Integration of environmental stimuli and adequate modulation of the physiological response is achieved by synthesizing plant hormones (ABA, JA, SA, ET, PAs, CKs, or GAs), metabolites that act as endogenous regulators of different plant processes. Plant hormones usually act in cross talk so that different signaling pathways contribute to fine-tune specific stress and developmental responses. At the molecular level, this cross talk implies interaction with different transcription factors that bind to common and specific cis-acting elements in promoter regions of stress and hormone-inducible genes. Fundamental physiological and molecular information is essential to build up models and design strategies to improve or confer abiotic stress tolerance to elite crops. Based on this knowledge, different strategies are used to introgress these tolerance traits into cultivated species: marker-assisted selection of genotypes (QTLs, MABC, MARS, or GWAS), induction of polyploidy and mutagenesis followed by variant selection, and, finally, plant genetic transformation. Strategies used for crop improvement are discussed in detail, the physiological and molecular basis explained, and the potential advantages and drawbacks highlighted.

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Abbreviations

3-PGA:

3-Phosphoglycerate

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AB-QTL:

Advanced backcross QTL

ABRE:

ABA-responsive element

ADC:

Arginine decarboxylase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

BABA:

β-amino butyric acid

CAT:

Catalase

CE:

Coupling element

CK:

Cytokinin

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

DRE:

Dehydration-responsive element

EMS:

Ethylmethanesulfate

ET:

Ethylene

GA:

Gibberellin

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

JA:

Jasmonic acid

MABC:

Marker-assisted backcrossing

MARS:

Marker-assisted recurrent selection

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonate

NO:

Nitric oxide

Pro:

Proline

PSII:

Photosystem II

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

SAMDC:

S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPDS:

Spermidine decarboxylase synthase

SPMS:

Spermine synthase

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Acknowledgments

This publication is supported by Ministerio de Economía (Spain) and Universitat Jaume I through grants AGL2013-42038-R and P1 1B2013-23, respectively. V.V. and S.I.Z. were recipient of pre-doctoral fellowships from Universitat Jaume I. M.M. was recipient of Santiago Grisolia fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecofisiologia i biotecnologia, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain

    Vicent Arbona, Matías Manzi, Sara I. Zandalinas, Vicente Vives-Peris, Rosa M. Pérez-Clemente & Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas

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  1. Vicent Arbona
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  2. Matías Manzi
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  3. Sara I. Zandalinas
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  4. Vicente Vives-Peris
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  5. Rosa M. Pérez-Clemente
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  6. Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
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Correspondence to Vicent Arbona .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Maryam Sarwat

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Altaf Ahmad

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India

    M. Z. Abdin

  4. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Ibrahim

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Arbona, V., Manzi, M., Zandalinas, S.I., Vives-Peris, V., Pérez-Clemente, R.M., Gómez-Cadenas, A. (2017). Physiological, Metabolic, and Molecular Responses of Plants to Abiotic Stress. In: Sarwat, M., Ahmad, A., Abdin, M., Ibrahim, M. (eds) Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and Proteomics Perspective, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42183-4_1

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