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Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens of Fish

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The Rasputin Effect: When Commensals and Symbionts Become Parasitic

Part of the book series: Advances in Environmental Microbiology ((AEM,volume 3))

Abstract

Bacterial opportunistic pathogens are defined as microorganisms causing disease in hosts experiencing atypical environmental stressors or having impaired immune function. In intensive aquacultural rearing, stress factors (such as hypoxia, abnormal pH, and high population density) generate an optimal setting for such pathogens to thrive. The status of these organisms—either as natural components of a healthy microbiome, or a latent step in disease establishment, or both—is still not entirely clear. In this chapter, we outline the current understanding (i.e., taxonomy, biology, disease impact, and current treatment options) of major opportunist bacterial genera of special interest in aquaculture: Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio. On a broader scale, we consider the importance of host/microbiota/environment interactions in opportunistic infections of teleost fish. Not only does this cross talk play a crucial role in defining disease, but their importance also reveals novel strategies to prevent and cure opportunistic diseases. As such, preventive measures to reduce host stress, along with active interventions to enhance (or restore) the protective effect of the microbiome (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics), can mitigate bacterial opportunistic diseases.

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  1. Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030, av. de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V0A6

    Nicolas Derome, Jeff Gauthier, Sébastien Boutin & Martin Llewellyn

  2. Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

    Nicolas Derome, Jeff Gauthier, Sébastien Boutin & Martin Llewellyn

  3. Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Sébastien Boutin

  4. Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK

    Martin Llewellyn

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    Christon J. Hurst

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Derome, N., Gauthier, J., Boutin, S., Llewellyn, M. (2016). Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens of Fish. In: Hurst, C. (eds) The Rasputin Effect: When Commensals and Symbionts Become Parasitic. Advances in Environmental Microbiology, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28170-4_4

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