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Genetic Alphabet Expansion by Unnatural Base Pair Creation and Its Application to High-Affinity DNA Aptamers

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Modified Nucleic Acids

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 31))

Abstract

Half a century ago, Alexander Rich proposed a genetic alphabet expansion system by the creation of an artificial extra base pair, known as an unnatural base pair. Now, as an ultimate modification technology, the development of unnatural base pairs and their applications has rapidly advanced. Introducing new components into nucleic acids could increase their functionality and moreover create new types of functional molecules. Three types of unnatural base pairs have been shown to function as a third base pair in replication and transcription. By using the unnatural base pairs, high-affinity DNA aptamers that specifically bind to target proteins and cells have been generated. Furthermore, bacteria bearing an unnatural base pair in their plasmids have been created. Here, we introduce a series of unnatural base pairs that function in replication and transcription, as well as their application to DNA aptamer generation targeting specific proteins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN), 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #04-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore

    Michiko Kimoto, Ken-ichiro Matsunaga & Ichiro Hirao

  2. Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Michiko Kimoto, Ken-ichiro Matsunaga & Ichiro Hirao

  3. PRESTO, JST, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan

    Michiko Kimoto

  4. TagCyx Biotechnologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Yushi T. Redhead

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  1. Michiko Kimoto
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  2. Ken-ichiro Matsunaga
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  3. Yushi T. Redhead
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  4. Ichiro Hirao
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Correspondence to Ichiro Hirao .

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  1. The Institute of Scientific and Industri, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Kazuhiko Nakatani

  2. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Yitzhak Tor

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Kimoto, M., Matsunaga, Ki., Redhead, Y.T., Hirao, I. (2016). Genetic Alphabet Expansion by Unnatural Base Pair Creation and Its Application to High-Affinity DNA Aptamers. In: Nakatani, K., Tor, Y. (eds) Modified Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 31. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27111-8_12

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