Skip to main content

Abstract

Although still a rare event, bile duct injury incidence is steadily increasing as the number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed increases. Fortunately, most injuries are managed endoscopically, with those requiring surgery usually requiring a bilioenteric anastomosis. For those with more complex injuries, especially around the biliary confluence, formal hepatic resection may be required. Both early and delayed indications for hepatectomy exist including liver necrosis, overwhelming sepsis and recurrent cholangitis. In the majority, this can be performed with low mortality and reasonable long-term functional outcomes—especially if these injuries are managed at specialized hepatobiliary referral centers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Everhart JE, Khare M, Hill M, Maurer KR. Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States. Gastroenterology. 1999;117(3):632–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pulvirenti E, Toro A, Gagner M, Mannino M, Di Carlo I. Increased rate of cholecystectomies performed with doubtful or no indications after laparoscopy introduction: a single center experience. BMC Surg. 2013;13:17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Duca S, Bala O, Al-Hajjar N, Lancu C, Puia IC, Munteanu D, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidents and complications. A retrospective analysis of 9542 consecutive laparoscopic operations. HPB. 2003;5(3):152–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Halilovic H, Hasukic S, Matovic E, Imamovic G. Rate of complications and conversions after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Med Arh. 2011;65(6):336–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tuveri M, Tuveri A. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: complications and conversions with the 3-trocar technique: a 10-year review. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2007;17(5):380–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Campbell KA, Talamini MA, et al. Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s. Ann Surg. 2000;232(3):430–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Melton GB, Lillemoe KD. The current management of postoperative bile duct strictures. Adv Surg. 2002;36:193–221.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Waage A, Nilsson M. Iatrogenic bile duct injury: a population-based study of 152 776 cholecystectomies in the Swedish Inpatient Registry. Arch Surg. 2006;141(12):1207–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Raakow R, Klupp J, Steinmuller T, Neuhaus P. Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after combined bile duct and right hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of two cases. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2002;387(3–4):183–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jablonska B, Lampe P. Iatrogenic bile duct injuries: etiology, diagnosis and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(33):4097–104.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Li J, Frilling A, Nadalin S, Broelsch CE, Malago M. Timing and risk factors of hepatectomy in the management of complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16(4):815–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Strasberg SM, Helton WS. An analytical review of vasculobiliary injury in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. HPB. 2011;13(1):1–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Halasz NA. Cholecystectomy and hepatic artery injuries. Arch Surg. 1991;126(2):137–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Deziel DJ, Millikan KW, Economou SG, Doolas A, Ko ST, Airan MC. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg. 1993;165(1):9–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Alves A, Farges O, Nicolet J, Watrin T, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J. Incidence and consequence of an hepatic artery injury in patients with postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Ann Surg. 2003;238(1):93–6.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Holbert BL, Baron RL, Dodd 3rd GD. Hepatic infarction caused by arterial insufficiency: spectrum and evolution of CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166(4):815–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gupta N, Solomon H, Fairchild R, Kaminski DL. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic artery injuries. Arch Surg. 1998;133(2):176–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Simon AM, Birnbaum BA, Jacobs JE. Isolated infarction of the cecum: CT findings in two patients. Radiology. 2000;214(2):513–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Smith GS, Birnbaum BA, Jacobs JE. Hepatic infarction secondary to arterial insufficiency in native livers: CT findings in 10 patients. Radiology. 1998;208(1):223–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Davidoff AM, Pappas TN, Murray EA, Hilleren DJ, Johnson RD, Baker ME, et al. Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 1992;215(3):196–202.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stewart L, Robinson TN, Lee CM, Liu K, Whang K, Way LW. Right hepatic artery injury associated with laparoscopic bile duct injury: incidence, mechanism, and consequences. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004;8(5):523–30. discussion 30–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Schmidt SC, Settmacher U, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus P. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic arterial injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery. 2004;135(6):613–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ. An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 1995;180(1):101–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Way LW, Stewart L, Gantert W, Liu K, Lee CM, Whang K, et al. Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective. Ann Surg. 2003;237(4):460–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Lopez Jr RR, Cosenza CA, Lois J, Hoffman AL, Sher LS, Noguchi H, et al. Long-term results of metallic stents for benign biliary strictures. Arch Surg. 2001;136(6):664–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nordin A, Halme L, Makisalo H, Isoniemi H, Hockerstedt K. Management and outcome of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: from therapeutic endoscopy to liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2002;8(11):1036–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Thomson BN, Parks RW, Madhavan KK, Garden OJ. Liver resection and transplantation in the management of iatrogenic biliary injury. World J Surg. 2007;31(12):2363–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Laurent A, Sauvanet A, Farges O, Watrin T, Rivkine E, Belghiti J. Major hepatectomy for the treatment of complex bile duct injury. Ann Surg. 2008;248(1):77–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Truant S, Boleslawski E, Lebuffe G, Sergent G, Pruvot FR. Hepatic resection for post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries: a literature review. HPB. 2010;12(5):334–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. de Santibanes E, Palavecino M, Ardiles V, Pekolj J. Bile duct injuries: management of late complications. Surg Endosc. 2006;20(11):1648–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Russell MC. Complications following hepatectomy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015;24(1):73–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Yan JQ, Peng CH, Ding JZ, Yang WP, Zhou GW, Chen YJ, et al. Surgical management in biliary restricture after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct injury. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(48):6598–602.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Sicklick JK, Camp MS, Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Yeo CJ, Campbell KA, et al. Surgical management of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: perioperative results in 200 patients. Ann Surg. 2005;241(5):786–92. discussion 93–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael D. McCall M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S.C. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McCall, M.D., Bressan, A.K., Dixon, E. (2015). Liver Resection for Bile Duct Injury. In: Dixon, E., Vollmer Jr., C., May, G. (eds) Management of Benign Biliary Stenosis and Injury. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22273-8_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22273-8_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22272-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22273-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics