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Polymer-Assisted Cartilage and Tendon Repair

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A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

Intrinsic repair of traumatic cartilage injuries is generally poor; in a similar manner, the repair of ruptured tendons can be associated with unwanted results such as scar formation and altered biomechanical tissue properties. Therefore, further research utilizing tissue engineering (TE) techniques should help to reduce healing times and to restore natural structure of cartilage and tendon in response to injury. Natural and synthetic polymers play a pivotal role as artificial matrices for cartilage and tendon tissue engineering. Some TE-based therapeutical approaches have already found entry in the clinical praxis. This chapter discusses which peculiarities of cartilage and tendon have to be addressed for the use of synthetic polymers for TE, which kinds of polymers have been tested so far, and which unmet medical needs remain for cartilage and tendon TE. The important issue of reestablishing the tendon-to-bone interface for stable polymer-based TE tendon reconstruction strategies will also be discussed. Future directions for TE-assisted cartilage and tendon reconstruction are to develop biomimetic polymer scaffolds, to fully restore tissue zonality and achieve implant integration, mechanocompetence, and last but not least, to establish one step strategies for clinical application. Additionally, polymers could be used to help achieve more rapid expansion of chondrocyte and tenocyte numbers in culture, and for preculturing procedures.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

COMP:

Cartilage oligomeric protein

CS:

Chondroitin sulfate

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycans

HA:

Hyaluronan

HD:

High-density culture

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

iPS:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PCL:

Polycaprolacton

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PDS:

Polydioxanone

PEG:

Polyethylenglycol

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PLA:

Polylactic acid

P(LLA-CL):

Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)

PTFE:

Poly(tetrafluoro ethylene)

PUU:

Polyurethran

PVA:

Polyvinylalkohol

RGD:

Arginin, glycin und asparaginsäure

SDF:

Stromal cell-derived factor

TE:

Tissue engineering

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

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Acknowledgment

The author is grateful to the support of Mr. Benjamin Kohl and Dr. Christiane Stoll.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-University of Medicine Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany

    Gundula Schulze-Tanzil

  2. Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical School, Salzburg, Austria

    Gundula Schulze-Tanzil

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  1. Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
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Correspondence to Gundula Schulze-Tanzil .

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  1. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Hala Zreiqat

  2. Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colin R. Dunstan

  3. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Vicki Rosen

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Schulze-Tanzil, G. (2015). Polymer-Assisted Cartilage and Tendon Repair. In: Zreiqat, H., Dunstan, C., Rosen, V. (eds) A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13266-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13266-2_13

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