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Polymers in Ophthalmology

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Advanced Polymers in Medicine

Abstract

Ophthalmological sciences are disciplines focused in the health of the eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans; dealing with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. Along time a wide variety of materials, including metals, ceramics and polymers, have been developed and used in different ophthalmic applications. Although, modern ophthalmic devices and drug platforms are made with polymeric materials. Applications of polymers in ophthalmology include vitreous replacement fluids, contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial orbital walls, artificial corneas, artificial lacrimal ducts, glaucoma drainage devices, viscoelastic replacements, drug delivery systems, sclera buckles, retinal tacks and adhesives, and ocular endotamponades. Both synthetic and natural polymeric biomaterials are used in ophthalmological applications, although in the lasts years most efforts were focused in natural and biocompatible materials, such as gelatin, hyaluronan, chitosan, gums, etc.; developing, tablets, films, suspensions, nanosystems, inserts, etc. This chapter attempts to offers an insight into the importance of polymers in the design and development of pharmaceuticals platforms used in ocular therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

MC:

Methylcellulose

HEC:

Hydroxyethylcellulose

HPC:

Hydroxypropycellulose

HPMC:

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

CMC Na:

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

SH:

Sodium hyaluronate

AUC:

Area under the curve

HEMA:

Hydroxy ethyl metacrylate

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

EGDM:

Ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid

DDS:

Drug delivery system

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PLGA:

Copolymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid

NEs:

Nanoemulsions

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PPO:

Polypropylene oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PLAPIQUI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Camino “La Carrindanga” - Km 7, Casilla de Correo 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Javier Adrián Calles & Enrique Vallés

  2. Department. Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Javier Adrián Calles

  3. INIQUI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina

    José Bermúdez

  4. UNITEFA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

    Daniel Allemandi & Santiago Palma

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  1. Javier Adrián Calles
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  2. José Bermúdez
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  3. Enrique Vallés
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  4. Daniel Allemandi
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  5. Santiago Palma
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Correspondence to Javier Adrián Calles .

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  1. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sci., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy

    Francesco Puoci

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Calles, J.A., Bermúdez, J., Vallés, E., Allemandi, D., Palma, S. (2015). Polymers in Ophthalmology. In: Puoci, F. (eds) Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_6

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