Abstract
In this chapter, we revise some of the most relevant and widely used synthetic routes available for the preparation of metallic silver nanoparticles. Particular emphasis has been focused in the rationale involved in the formation of the nanostructures, from the early metallic silver atoms formation, passing by atoms nucleation and concluding in the growth of silver nanostructures. We hope the reader will find in this chapter a valuable tool to better understand the relevance of the experimental conditions in the resulting silver nanoparticle size, shape and overall properties.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rogers, K.R., et al.: Alterations in physical state of silver nanoparticles exposed to synthetic human stomach fluid. Sci. Total Environ. 420, 334–339 (2012)
Alarcon, E.I., et al.: The biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of collagen-stabilized, photochemically prepared silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials 33(19), 4947–4956 (2012)
Lee, P.C., Meisel, D.: Adsorption and surface-enhanced raman of dyes on silver and gold sol. J. Phys. Chem. 86, 3391–3395 (1982)
Li, W., et al.: Dimers of silver nanospheres: facile synthesis and their use as hot spots for surface-enhanced raman scattering. Nano Lett. 9, 485–490 (2009)
Alvarez-Puebla, R.A., Aroca, R.F.: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with controllable surface charge and their application to surface-enhanced raman scattering. Anal. Chem. 81, 2280–2285 (2009)
Stamplecoskie, K.G., Scaiano, J.: Optimal size of silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 1403–1409 (2011)
Marsich, L., et al.: Poly-l-lysine-coated silver nanoparticles as positively charged substrates for surface-enhanced raman scattering. Langmuir 28, 13166–13171 (2012)
Li, J.M., et al.: Detecting trace melamine in solution by SERS using Ag nanoparticle coated poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanospheres as novel active substrates. Langmuir 27(23), 14539–14544 (2011)
Wang, B., Zhang, L., Zhou, X.: Synthesis of silver nanocubes as a SERS substrate for the determination of pesticide paraoxon and thiram. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 121, 63–69 (2014)
Hornyak, G.L., et al.: Introduction to Nanosciences. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (2008)
Narayanan, K.B., Sakthivel, N.: Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 156(1–2), 1–13 (2010)
Hebbalalu, D., et al.: Greener techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, enzymes, bacteria, biodegradable polymers, and microwaves. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 1(7), 703–712 (2013)
Rycenga, M., et al.: Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chem. Rev. 111(6), 3669–3712 (2011)
Sun, Y.: Controlled synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles in organic solutions: empirical rules for nucleation engineering. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 2497–2511 (2013)
Sakamoto, M., Fujistuka, M., Majima, T.: Light as a construction tool of metal nanoparticles: synthesis and mechanism. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 10(1), 33–56 (2009)
Cushing, B.L., Kolesnichenko, V.L., Oconnor, C.J.: Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem. Rev. 104, 3893–3946 (2004)
Vanysek, P.: Electrochemical series. In: Lide, D.R. (ed) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, p. 8.21–8.31. CRC Press, LLC (2003–2004)
Hoonacker, A.V., Englebienne, P.: Revisiting silver nanoparticle chemical synthesis and stability by optical spectroscopy. Curr. Nanosci. 2, 359–371 (2006)
Hudnall, P.M.: Hydroquinone. In: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA (2000)
Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P.C., Hillier, J.: A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 55–75, (1951)
Pillai, Z.S., Kamat, P.V.: What factors control the size and shape of silver nanoparticles in the citrate ion reduction method? J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 945–951 (2004)
Henglein, A., Giersig, M.: Formation of colloidal silver nanoparticles: capping action of citrate. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 9533–9539 (1999)
Segur, J.B., Oberstar, H.E.: Viscosity of glycerol and its aqueous solutions. Ind. Eng. Chem. 43(9), 2117–2120 (1951)
Steinigeweg, D., Schlücker, S.: Monodispersity and size control in the synthesis of 20–100 nm quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles by citrate and ascorbic acid reduction in glycerol–water mixtures. Chem. Commun. 48(69), 8682–8684 (2012)
Caswell, K.K., Bender, C.M., Murphy, C.J.: Seedless, surfactantless wet chemical synthesis of silver nanowires. Nano Lett. 3(5), 667–669 (2003)
Van Hyning, D.L., Zukoski, C.F.: Formation mechanisms and aggregation behavior of borohydride reduced silver particles. Langmuir 14, 7034–7040 (1998)
Viswanatha, R., Sarma, D.: Growth of nanocrystals in solution. In: Rao, C.N.R., Müller, A. Cheetham A.K. (eds.) Nanomaterials Chemistry, p. 139–170. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim (2007)
La Mer, V.K., Dinegar, R.H.: Theory, production and mechanism of formation of monodisperse hydrosols. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72, 4847–4854 (1950)
Polte, J., et al.: Formation mechanism of colloidal silver nanoparticles: analogies and differences to the growth of gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano 6(7), 5791–5802 (2012)
Wuithschick, M., et al.: Size-controlled synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles based on mechanistic understanding. Chem. Mater. 25, 4679–4689 (2013)
Perez, M.A., et al.: Hydroquinone synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a simple model reaction to understand the factors that determine their nucleation and growth. Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 1377–1383 (2008)
Patakfalvi, R., Dekany, I.: Nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles monitored by titration microcalorimetry. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 79, 587–594 (2005)
Yoosaf, K., et al.: In situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles and selective naked-eye detection of lead ions from aqueous media. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 12839–12847 (2007)
Gallardo, O., et al.: Silver oxide particles/silver nanoparticles interconversion: susceptibility of forward/backward reactions to the chemical environment at room temperature. RSC Adv. 2(7), 2923 (2012)
Wan, Y., et al.: Quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles: Aqueous synthesis and size control by the seed-mediated Lee-Meisel method. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 394, 263–268 (2013)
Wiley, B., Sun, Y., Xia, Y.: Synthesis of silver nanostructures with controlled shapes and properties. Acc. Chem. Res. 40(10), 1067–1076 (2007)
Burda, C., et al.: Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem. Rev. 105(4), 1025–1102 (2005)
Pastoriza-Santos, I., Liz-Marzán, L.M.: Formation and stabilization of silver nanoparticles through reduction by N,N-Dimethylformamide. Langmuir 15, 948–951 (1999)
Pastoriza-Santos, I., Liz-Marzán, L.M.: Synthesis of silver nanoprisms in DMF. Nano Lett. 2(8), 903–905 (2002)
Rodríguez-Gattorno, G., et al.: Metallic nanoparticles from spontaneous reduction of silver(I) in DMSO. Interaction between nitric oxide and silver nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 2482–2487 (2002)
Sun, Y., Xia, Y.: Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science 298(5601), 2176–2179 (2002)
Sun, Y., et al.: Polyol synthesis of uniform silver nanowires: a plausible growth mechanism and the supporting evidence. Nano Lett. 3(7), 955–960 (2003)
Sun, Y., et al.: Uniform silver nanowires synthesis by reducing AgNO3 with ethylene glycol in the presence of seeds and poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone). Chem. Mater. 14, 4736–4745 (2002)
Wiley, B., et al.: Polyol synthesis of silver nanoparticles: use of chloride and oxygen to promote the formation of single-crystal, truncated cubes and tetrahedrons. Nano Lett. 4(9), 1733–1739 (2004)
Lin, J.-Y., Hsueh, Y.-L., Huang, J.-J.: The concentration effect of capping agent for synthesis of silver nanowire by using the polyol method. J. Solid State Chem. (2014)
Tao, A., Habas, S., Yang, P.: Shape control of colloidal metal nanocrystals. Small 4(3), 310–325 (2008)
Wiley, B., et al.: Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of silver. Chem. Eur. J. 11(2), 454–463 (2005)
Stamplecoskie, K., Scaiano, J.: Silver as an example of the applications of photochemistry to the synthesis and uses of nanomaterials. Photochem. Photobiol. 88(4), 762–768 (2012)
Mafuné, F., et al.: Structure and stability of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution produced by laser ablation. J. Phys. Chem. B 104(35), 8333–8337 (2000)
Bae, C.H., Nam, S.H., Park, S.M.: Formation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation of a silver target in NaCl solution. Appl. Surf. Sci. 197–198, 628–634 (2002)
Tsuji, T., Okazaki, Y., Tsuji, M.: Photo-induced morphological conversions of silver nanoparticles prepared using laser ablation in water—Enhanced morphological conversions using halogen etching. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 194(2–3), 247–253 (2008)
Jiménez, E., et al.: A novel method of nanocrystal fabrication based on laser ablation in liquid environment. Superlattices Microstruct. 43(5–6), 487–493 (2008)
Hada, H., et al.: Photoreduction of silver ion in aqueous and alcoholic solutions. J. Phys. Chem. 80(25), 2728–2731 (1976)
Guang-Nian, X., et al.: Preparation and characterization of stable monodisperse silver nanoparticles via photoreduction. Colloids Surf. A 320(1–3), 222–226 (2008)
Huang, H.H., et al.: Photochemical formation of silver nanoparticles in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Langmuir 12(4), 909–912 (1996)
Gaddy, G.A., et al.: Photogeneration of silver particles in PVA fibers and films. J. Clust. Sci. 12(3), 457–471 (2001)
Huang, H.T., Yang, Y.: Preparation of silver nanoparticles in inorganic clay suspensions. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68(14), 2948–2953 (2008)
Chegel, V., et al.: Ag nanoparticle-poly(acrylic acid) composite film with dynamic plasmonic properties. Aust. J. Chem. 65(9), 1223–1227 (2012)
Scaiano, J.C., et al.: Photochemical routes to silver and gold nanoparticles. Pure Appl. Chem. 81(4), 635–647 (2009)
Scaiano, J.C., et al.: Magnetic field control of photoinduced silver nanoparticle formation. J. Phys. Chem. B 110(26), 12856–12859 (2006)
Alarcon, E., et al.: Human serum albumin as protecting agent of silver nanoparticles: role of the protein conformation and amine groups in the nanoparticle stabilization. J. Nanopart. Res. 15(1), 1374 (2013)
Jockusch, S., et al.: Photochemistry and photophysics of α-Hydroxy ketones. Macromolecules 34(6), 1619–1626 (2001)
Gonzalez, C.M., Liu, Y., Scaiano, J.C.: Photochemical strategies for the facile synthesis of gold-silver alloy and core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 113(27), 11861–11867 (2009)
McGilvray, K.L., et al.: Photochemical strategies for the seed-mediated growth of gold and gold—silver nanoparticles. Langmuir 28(46), 16148–16155 (2012)
Maretti, L., et al.: Facile photochemical synthesis and characterization of highly fluorescent silver nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(39), 13972–13980 (2009)
Stamplecoskie, K.G., Scaiano, J.: Kinetics of the formation of silver dimers: early stages in the formation of silver nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(11), 3913–3920 (2011)
Callegari, A., Tonti, D., Chergui, M.: Photochemically grown silver nanoparticles with wavelength-controlled size and shape. Nano Lett. 3(11), 1565–1568 (2003)
Stamplecoskie, K.G., Scaiano, J.: Light emitting diode irradiation can control the morphology and optical properties of silver nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(6), 1825–1827 (2010)
Rodríguez-Sánchez, L., Blanco, M.C., Lopez-Quintela, M.: Electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 104(41), 9683–9688 (2000)
Tang, Z., et al.: Electrochemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on functional carbon surfaces. J. Electroanal. Chem. 502(1–2), 146–151 (2001)
Zhu, J.-J., et al.: Preparation of silver nanorods by electrochemical methods. Mater. Lett. 49(2), 91–95 (2001)
Ueda, M., et al.: Double-pulse technique as an electrochemical tool for controlling the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. Electrochim. Acta 48(4), 377–386 (2002)
Ma, H., et al.: Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by a novel electrochemical method. Chem. Phys. Chem. 5(1), 68–75 (2004)
Mazur, M.: Electrochemically prepared silver nanoflakes and nanowires. Electrochemi. Commun. 6(4), 400–403 (2004)
Jian, Z., Xiang, Z., Yongchang, W.: Electrochemical synthesis and fluorescence spectrum properties of silver nanospheres. Microelectron. Eng. 77(1), 58–62 (2005)
Starowicz, M., Stypuła, B., Banaś, J.: Electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Electrochem. Commun. 8(2), 227–230 (2006)
Hu, M.Z., Easterly, C.E.: A novel thermal electrochemical synthesis method for production of stable colloids of “naked” metal (Ag) nanocrystals. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 29(3), 726–736 (2009)
Khaydarov, R., et al.: Electrochemical method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. J. Nanopartic. Res. 11(5), 1193–1200 (2009)
Surudzic, R., et al.: Electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles in poly(vinyl alcohol) solution. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 78(12), 2087–2098 (2013)
Plieth, W., et al.: Electrochemical preparation of silver and gold nanoparticles: characterization by confocal and surface enhanced Raman microscopy. Surf. Sci. 597(1–3), 119–126 (2005)
Sáez, V., Mason, T.: Sonoelectrochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. Molecules 14(10), 4284–4299 (2009)
Compton, R.G., Eklund, J.C., Marken, F.: Sonoelectrochemical processes: a review. Electroanal 9(7), 509–522 (1997)
Reisse, J., et al.: Sonoelectrochemistry in aqueous electrolyte: a new type of sonoelectroreactor. Electrochim. Acta 39(1), 37–39 (1994)
Zhu, J., et al.: Shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles by pulse sonoelectrochemical methods. Langmuir 16, 6396–6399 (2000)
Jiang, L.-P., et al.: A novel route for the preparation of monodisperse silver nanoparticles via a pulsed sonoelectrochemical technique. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 7(4), 506–509 (2004)
Mason, T.J., Lorimer, J.P., Walton, D.J.: Sonoelectrochemistry. Ultrasonics 28(5), 333–337 (1990)
Liu, J., et al.: Methods for separation, identification, characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 33, 95–106 (2012)
Ferreira da Silva, B., et al.: Analytical chemistry of metallic nanoparticles in natural environments. TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 30(3), 528–540 (2011)
Zheng, X., et al.: Photochemical formation of silver nanodecahedra: structural selection by the excitation wavelength. Langmuir 25, 3802–3807 (2009)
Tiede, K., et al.: Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment. Food Addit. Contam. 25, 795–821 (2008)
Acknowledgments
We want to thank to all the researchers whose work has been cited in here. C.D.B thanks the Agencia de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT) and Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE) for combined financial support (PICTO-UNSE-2012-0013). N.L.P and A.V.V would like to thank funding support from CONICET, ANPCyT-PICT 2011-0106, SECYT-UNC and Mincyt-Córdoba. N.P., A.V., V.R., and C.D.B. are research members of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) of Argentina.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pacioni, N.L., Borsarelli, C.D., Rey, V., Veglia, A.V. (2015). Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles. In: Alarcon, E., Griffith, M., Udekwu, K. (eds) Silver Nanoparticle Applications. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11262-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11262-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11261-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11262-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)