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Noninvasive Electromagnetic Methods for Brain Monitoring: A Technical Review

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Brain-Computer Interfaces

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 74))

Abstract

Human brain is a large, complex and most important organ in its nervous system. The brain works as a central processing unit (CPU) of the human body and performs, coordinate, control and regulate an incredible number of tasks to keep the human body healthy and alive. Though the brain is highly protected inside the rigid skull, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the human brain is still sometimes gets injured, damaged and gets several number of diseases. Therefore the study of brain is important and very essential for diagnose and treatment of the diseases like stroke, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, meningitis, Parkinson’s disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, brain aneurysm, multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus etc. As the electromagnetic brain imaging methods have drawn a lot of attentions of the medical doctors, clinicians and biomedical researchers for their unique advantages. This chapter will present the review of the studies on the noninvasive electromagnetic methods for brain monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. The chapter will try to present the detail technical aspects of different electromagnetic brain monitoring modalities (EBMM), their applications and challenges. The chapter will start by introducing to the human brain and its diseases followed by a discussion on the history and the developments of the brain monitoring techniques. It will discuss about the present scenario of the conventional brain monitoring methods with their merits and demerits. The chapter will explain the electromagnetic brain monitoring techniques in detail such as Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Electrocorticography (ECoG), electroneurogram (ENG), electrical impedance tomography (EIT), Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and other advanced brain monitoring modalities. The chapter will discuss about their working principles, applications, advantages, disadvantages, present scenario. The chapter will summarize the studies on the electromagnetic methods for brain monitoring and it will conclude with a discussion on the present challenges and future trends.

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Bera, T.K. (2015). Noninvasive Electromagnetic Methods for Brain Monitoring: A Technical Review. In: Hassanien, A., Azar, A. (eds) Brain-Computer Interfaces. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 74. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10978-7_3

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