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Growth Factor Delivery Matrices for Cardiovascular Regeneration

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Biomaterials for Cardiac Regeneration

Abstract

Growth factors (GFs) are critical biomolecules associated with the maintenance of homeostasis within cardiovascular tissues. They act in a complex time-, concentration-, and microenvironment-determined manner, often in conjunction with each other, to control multiple cellular functions and repair processes at the tissue level. However, exogenous GFs may not be sensed by the target tissue in a time-frame suitable for tissue regeneration, due to their rapid degradation that shortens their half-lives, thereby entailing the need for multiple infusions and/or high dosage. Moreover, excessive GF concentrations and systemic GF delivery can lead to undesirable system-wide pathological responses, highlighting the critical need for their localized delivery to the target tissue site and precise control over GF dosing, activation, and spatiotemporal bioavailability taking into account the specific cardiovascular (CV) tissue microenvironment.

In this chapter, we provide an overview of biomaterials for the delivery of GFs and cells towards the regenerative repair of CV tissues. A variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, as well as hybrid materials, have shown significant promise as vehicles for controlled presentation or release of GFs, while serving as platforms to modulate phenotype and regenerative potential of cells pre-seeded within or recruited in situ following implantation in the host. Additionally, incorporation of linkages within these scaffolds that can be activated by stimuli prevalent within the target tissue microenvironment can enable “on demand” and spatiotemporally modulated release of one or more GFs. Thus, we submit that these sophisticated delivery systems, coupled with a more comprehensive understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying CV tissue formation during fetal development, and the identification of the specific GF(s) necessary for desired therapeutic effects will lead to the development of patient- and condition-customized therapies to overcome CV disease pathologies.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, ND20, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Balakrishnan Sivaraman & Anand Ramamurthi

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  1. Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Erik J. Suuronen

  2. Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Marc Ruel

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Sivaraman, B., Ramamurthi, A. (2015). Growth Factor Delivery Matrices for Cardiovascular Regeneration. In: Suuronen, E., Ruel, M. (eds) Biomaterials for Cardiac Regeneration. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10972-5_6

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