Abstract
During their life cycle, plants may be exposed to situations of reduced oxygen availability, such as those imposed by soil flooding, in which their tissues have to cope with restrictions of aerobic metabolism. The limited availability of oxygen for reduction by the mitochondrial respiratory chain has many effects on plant metabolism and physiology, negatively affecting the growth and productivity of economically important species. Nitrite has been considered a major alternative terminal acceptor of the respiratory chain under oxygen deprivation. The gaseous radical nitric oxide (NO) produced from mitochondrial nitrite reduction has emerged as an important mediator of plant tolerance to low oxygen tensions, regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, gene expression and the pathways of plant hormones. In particular, a recent study has indicated the involvement of mitochondrial NO synthesis from nitrite in the nitrate-mediated response of soybean roots to hypoxia. The importance of processes for NO degradation in maintaining mitochondrial functionality and controlling root metabolism during an oxygen shortage has also been highlighted. In this regard, the involvement of respiratory proteins and non-symbiotic hemoglobins in NO degradation has been demonstrated. In the present chapter, advances in this area will be discussed with a special focus on the role of nitrogen nutrition and mitochondrial NO homeostasis for plant tolerance to oxygen deficiency.
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Acknowledgment
We thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support (grant 473090/2011–2).
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Oliveira, H.C., Salgado, I. (2014). Role of Plant Mitochondria in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis During Oxygen Deficiency. In: Khan, M., Mobin, M., Mohammad, F., Corpas, F. (eds) Nitric Oxide in Plants: Metabolism and Role in Stress Physiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06710-0_4
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