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Etiology and Prevention of Acute Leukemias in Children

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Book cover Etiology of Acute Leukemias in Children

Abstract

Acute leukemia (AL) is the most common type of cancer in children under 15 years of age and represents one of the leading causes of mortality among children worldwide. Despite advancements in the knowledge of the biology and treatment of AL, the etiology remains unresolved. A small number of risk factors have been reported as established for the development of this disease, but they explain less than 10 % of cases, leaving 90 % of cases without an identified causation.

Case-control studies have been the main research designs used to investigate the causes of AL in children. The importance of case-control studies rests on the assumption that data on individuals is essential for gaining an understanding of the environmental causes of childhood leukemia and adds great value to the genetic research.

Genetic or environmental factors alone may not be responsible for causing childhood AL. Rather, it is thought that an interaction between genetic susceptibility and exposures to certain environmental factors in a specific time window can contribute to the development of this disease.

Identifying the causes of childhood AL would lead to the establishment of effective preventive measures in children who are at high risk of developing this disease, reducing incidence and mortality rates, the costs of medical care, and other consequences associated with childhood leukemia. Therefore, we need to implement a new framework for the etiology of AL. We believe that solving key elements of this puzzle can lead to prevention of the development of AL in children.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CONACYT) through its program, Fondo Sectorial de Investigación en Salud y Seguridad Social (SALUD 2007-1-71223/FIS/IMSS/PROT/592); by the Fondo Sectorial de Investigación para la Educación (CB-2007-1-83949/FIS/IMSS/PROT/616); by the Convocatoria de Proyectos de Investigación para Atender Problemas Nacionales 2013 (PDCPN2013-01-215726, FIS/IMSS/PROT/1364); and by the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (FIS/IMSS/PROT/PRIO/14/031, FIS/IMSS/PROT/G10/846, FIS/IMSS/PROT/G12/1134 and FIS/IMSS/PROT/G11/951).

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  1. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) “Siglo XXI”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, 06720, Mexico

    Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez, Janet Flores-Lujano & David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez

  2. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N Colonia La Raza, Delegación Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, 02990, Mexico

    Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez

  3. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) “Siglo XXI”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), México, D.F., Mexico

    Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré

  4. Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social (IMSS), México, D.F., Mexico

    Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré

  5. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, México, D.F., Mexico

    Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré

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  1. Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez
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    Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré

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Núñez-Enríquez, J.C., Flores-Lujano, J., Bekker-Méndez, V.C., Duarte-Rodríguez, D.A., Mejía-Aranguré, J.M. (2016). Etiology and Prevention of Acute Leukemias in Children. In: Mejía-Aranguré, J. (eds) Etiology of Acute Leukemias in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05798-9_2

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