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Biosynthesis and Molecular Mechanism of Brassinosteroids Action

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Hormones and Plant Response

Part of the book series: Plant in Challenging Environments ((PCE,volume 2))

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Abstract

Plant hormones play vital functions in the integration of various environmental cues associated with signaling networks. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are the sixth class of phytohormones involved in regulating various developmental processes, such as fertility, vascular differentiation, root and shoot growth, flowering, and seed germination, as well as in responding to numerous stresses. A characteristic feature of BRs is their presence in low concentrations. Biosynthesis and signal transduction have been well analyzed through forward and reverse genetics. In the biosynthesis pathways, BRs can be synthesized by a pathway dependent on cycloartenol or cycloartanol. A receptor kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway transduces the BR signal. For activation and deactivation, the BR receptor’s complex utilizes various posttranslational changes and recruits different proteins. This review highlights recent advances in biosynthesis and the mode of the molecular action of BRs.

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Abbreviations

3-DT:

3-dehydroteasterone

6-deoxo-3-DT:

3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone

6-deoxoCT:

6-deoxocathasterone

7-DR2:

7-dehydroCR reductase 2

BAK1:

BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1

BL:

brassinolide

BR:

brassinosteroid

BRI1:

BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1

Brz:

brassinazole

C5-SD:

sterol C5(6) desaturase 2

CDP-ME:

4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C methylerythritol

CN:

campestanol

CR:

cholesterol

CS:

castasterone

CT:

cathasterone

DOXP:

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

DS:

dolichosterone

HMG-CoA:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

IPP:

isopentenyl diphosphate

MEP:

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

MVA:

mevalonic acid, mevalonate

MVA-PP:

MVA-pyrophospate

SMO4:

C4-sterol methyloxidase 4

SSR2:

sterol side chain reductase 2

TE:

teasterone

TY :

typhasterol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

    Andrzej Bajguz & Magdalena Chmur

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  1. Andrzej Bajguz
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  2. Magdalena Chmur
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Correspondence to Andrzej Bajguz .

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  1. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi, India

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

  2. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Corpas

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Bajguz, A., Chmur, M. (2021). Biosynthesis and Molecular Mechanism of Brassinosteroids Action. In: Gupta, D.K., Corpas, F.J. (eds) Hormones and Plant Response. Plant in Challenging Environments, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77477-6_9

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