Chemistry and Philosophy of Science

Abstract

This chapter deals with the basic concepts of philosophy of science, and investigates the position of chemistry within this discipline starting from the time of Vienna Circle till the formal establishment of the philosophy of chemistry. The problem of the unity of science in relation to the appearance of particular scientific disciplines is discussed in the frame of the theory of complexity based on the idea that complexity is a hierarchy of structures from sub-atomic to biological. Besides the classification of sciences based on the fields of scientific interest, the alternative classification that follows from the complexity levels of matter is represented. Complexity levels are defined in the relation to the interaction energy between the particles of the lower level in the formation of the higher-level aggregates. The discussion about emergence, reductionism and holism is especially focused on the old problem of the reduction of chemistry to physics.

At the centre of all things resides the Sun. Could we find a better place in this most beautiful of all temples, from whence this light illuminates all things at once? Rightly is it called the lamp, the spirit, the ruler of the universe. For Hermes Trismegistus it is the invisible god, Sophocles’ Electra calls it the all-seeing. Thus, the Sun sits on its royal throne and guides its children, which circle it.

Nicolaus Copernicus