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Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste to Magnetic Carbon/Iron Nanoadsorbent for Application in Adsorption of Diclofenac Using Statistical Experimental Design

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Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing

Part of the book series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering ((TMMME))

Abstract

A novel magnetic nanoadsorbent comprising carbon/iron composite was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste. The magnetic nanoadsorbent was characterized and applied in the adsorption of diclofenac from water. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted according to a three-factor three-level Box–Behnken design including temperature (°C), pH and adsorbent dose (g L-1) as the process parameters. A polynomial regression model was used to predict and optimize the parameters for maximum adsorption capacity (mg g-1) of the nanoadsorbent using response surface modeling. The magnetic nanoadsorbent exhibited a surface area of 288.88 m2 g-1 and a saturation magnetization of 35.4 emu g-1. Transmission electron microscopy of the nanoadsorbent depicted particle size range within 10–40 nm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanoadsorbent for diclofenac was 15.31 mg g-1 under optimized conditions of 42.65 ºC, 5.74 pH and 1.04 g L-1 dose. High regression coefficient values (R2 = 0.987) in the design experiments suggested considerable goodness of fit for the response surface model. Statistical analysis showed adsorption of diclofenac by the nanoadsorbent was significantly influenced by solution pH. FTIR analysis of the diclofenac loaded nanoadsorbent confirmed the adsorption of diclofenac by the emergence of new diagnostic peaks. The diclofenac loaded nanoadsorbent could be desorbed up to 69.88% by NaOH stripping, suggesting its reuse potential.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BBD:

Box–Behnken design

DE:

Desorption efficiency

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

PC:

Per cent contribution

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

pHzpc:

Point of zero charge

RSM:

Response surface modeling

RMSEP:

Root mean square error of prediction

RSEP:

Relative standard error of prediction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

VSM:

Vibrating sample magnetometer

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express thankfulness to the Director, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow (India) for his kind support in this work. The research was a part of Ph.D. work supported by UGC (India)-Senior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box 80, Lucknow, 226 001, India

    Premanjali Rai & Kunwar P. Singh

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  1. Premanjali Rai
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Correspondence to Premanjali Rai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

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Rai, P., Singh, K.P. (2021). Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste to Magnetic Carbon/Iron Nanoadsorbent for Application in Adsorption of Diclofenac Using Statistical Experimental Design. In: Makhlouf, A.S.H., Ali, G.A.M. (eds) Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing. Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_26

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