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Heteroatoms Doped Porous Carbon Nanostructures Recovered from Agriculture Waste for Energy Conversion and Storage

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Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing

Part of the book series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering ((TMMME))

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Abstract

Biomass-derived porous carbons (BPCs) represents one of the most diverse classes of materials with exceptional properties such as high specific surface area, wide availability, biodegradability, low cost, and tunable porous features. A broad range of new carbon materials for suitable applications including water purification, catalyst supports and electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, sensing, and fuel cells have been developed. This not only increased the economic benefits and sustainability of chemical industry but also minimized the environmental impacts. The wide application of various energy technologies for specific purposes is mainly reliant on the design of electrode materials, particularly carbon electrodes. In this chapter, recent developments and breakthroughs of BPCs are presented. Characteristics controlling mechanisms behind their performance, especially pore structure and surface functionality, are discussed, which will direct the rational design of BPCs for practical use. In addition, the progress on application of these materials as electrodes for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, CO2 capture, water splitting, and lithium-ion batteries, is summarized.

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Abbreviations

BPCs:

Biomass-derived porous carbons

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DFT:

Density functional theory

ESCs:

Electrochemical supercapacitors

HER:

Hydrogen evolution reaction

HTC:

Hydrothermal carbonization

LiBs:

lithium-ion batteries

LSV:

Linear sweep voltammetry

OER:

Oxygen evolution reaction

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Diab Khalafallah, Mingjia Zhi & Zhanglian Hong

  2. Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, P.O. Box 81521, Aswan, Egypt

    Diab Khalafallah

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  1. Diab Khalafallah
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Correspondence to Diab Khalafallah , Mingjia Zhi or Zhanglian Hong .

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  1. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

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Khalafallah, D., Zhi, M., Hong, Z. (2021). Heteroatoms Doped Porous Carbon Nanostructures Recovered from Agriculture Waste for Energy Conversion and Storage. In: Makhlouf, A.S.H., Ali, G.A.M. (eds) Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing. Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_17

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