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Expression and Regulation of Stress-Responsive Genes in Plants Under Harsh Environmental Conditions

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Harsh Environment and Plant Resilience

Abstract

Due to the after-effects of human anthropogenic activities and parallel changes in weather, adverse environmental conditions are progressively prevailing across the globe. As a result, there is a disadvantageous influence on all sessile plants and their related characteristics such as growth, development, chance to survive and ultimately reproduce. So, in order to adapt to such an ever-changing and unstable scenario, plants have developed mechanisms of stress avoidance and/or tolerance. One of the important tolerance mechanisms is ‘expression and regulation of stress-responsive genes’. The reason lies in the nature of expressing genes and their regulatory role in the production of important metabolic proteins such as the chaperones as well as other genes related to downstream signal transduction under stressful conditions. This variety of regulation is observed at mainly three levels such as transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational. Regulation at transcription involves the interplay of elements that are cis or trans-regulatory and chromatin modifications and remodelling. Post-transcriptional regulation occurs at different stages related to mRNA maturation (such as processing, trafficking, translation, turnover and stability). Finally, post-translational regulation occurs via different processes such as phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, adenylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitination at the protein level. All these regulations ensure the appropriate pattern of gene expression to ‘switch on’ the adaptive response. As a result, the current book chapter is an attempt to highlight the stress-responsive gene expression and regulation in plants under stressful conditions.

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Abbreviations

CDPKs:

Ca-dependent protein kinases

G-type:

Gap-type

HSE:

Heat shock element

HSPs:

Heat shock proteins

HSR:

Heat shock response

LEA:

Late embryogenesis proteins

MAPK/MPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

P-type:

Perfect-type

S-type:

Step-type

TFs:

Transcription factors

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Sahil & Radhika Keshan

  2. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Anupam Patra & Sahil Mehta

  3. Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    K. F. Abdelmotelb

  4. Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India

    Shivaji Ajinath Lavale

  5. ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Mukesh Chaudhary & S. K. Aggarwal

  6. C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, Gujarat, India

    Anirudha Chattopadhyay

Authors
  1. Sahil
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  2. Radhika Keshan
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  3. Anupam Patra
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  4. Sahil Mehta
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  5. K. F. Abdelmotelb
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  6. Shivaji Ajinath Lavale
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  7. Mukesh Chaudhary
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  8. S. K. Aggarwal
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  9. Anirudha Chattopadhyay
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anirudha Chattopadhyay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, Ethiopia

    Azamal Husen

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Sahil et al. (2021). Expression and Regulation of Stress-Responsive Genes in Plants Under Harsh Environmental Conditions. In: Husen, A. (eds) Harsh Environment and Plant Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65912-7_2

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