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Gene and Genome Editing with CRISPR/Cas Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Improvement

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RNA-Based Technologies for Functional Genomics in Plants

Part of the book series: Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences ((CSPS))

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Abstract

Ever since the advent of agriculture, breeding new varieties has relied upon crosses between individuals from a single species, and since the early twentieth century with relatives or via mutagenesis. Two major problems have been found time and again. First, combining genomes to improve a character often times causes decreases in other traits as a result of genetic linkage. The second is that natural variation does not always comprise all the possibilities a genome may have in terms of allelic combinations suitable for further improving a set of characters. In the last twenty years a number of technologies have been developed allowing the perturbation of a single gene. Development of genome editing technologies includes zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). Here we review current methodologies regarding to the use of gRNA targeted gene and genome editing strategies by various CRISPR/Cas9 systems in agriculture. The molecular mechanism of DNA modification by CRISPR/Cas relies on guide RNA molecules comprising 20–25 DNA bases homologous to the target locus. This has opened the possibility of tackling single loci or multiple paralogs in a gene family. Importantly, complex genomes with polyploid structures such as wheat or camelina have been successfully engineered with single guides. This opens a new window of opportunities to engineer gene families, pathways and complex genomes that was unfeasible before the advent of CRISPR/Cas.

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Acknowledgements

This work was developed under project BFU-2017 88300-C2-1-R and FEDER.

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  1. Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Genética Molecular, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital S/N, 30202, Cartagena, Spain

    Semih Arbatli, Julia Weiss & Marcos Egea-Cortines

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  1. Semih Arbatli
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  2. Julia Weiss
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  3. Marcos Egea-Cortines
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Correspondence to Marcos Egea-Cortines .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Guiliang Tang

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sachin Teotia

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Xiaoqing Tang

  4. School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Deepali Singh

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Arbatli, S., Weiss, J., Egea-Cortines, M. (2021). Gene and Genome Editing with CRISPR/Cas Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Improvement. In: Tang, G., Teotia, S., Tang, X., Singh, D. (eds) RNA-Based Technologies for Functional Genomics in Plants. Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64994-4_11

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