Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Impact of Polycystic Ovary, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity on Women Health pp 67–74Cite as

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Considerations About Therapeutic Strategies Choices from Fertile Life to Menopause

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 533 Accesses

Part of the book series: ISGE Series ((ISGE))

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very frequent endocrine disorder in women since it occurs in as many as 8–10% of women of reproductive age [1, 2]. Due to the multiple heterogeneity of the syndrome [3], there has been no agreement on the criteria on which to base the diagnosis of PCOS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Carmina E, Lobo RA. Polycystic ovary syndrome: arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(1897–1899):4.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Genazzani AD, Ricchieri F, Lanzoni C. Use of metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Women's Health (Lond Engl). 2010;6:577–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Carmina E. Genetic and environmental aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Investig. 2003;26:1151–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A: Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Polycystic Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine FP, Merriam GR (Eds). Ovary Syndrome. Blackwell, MA, USA, 337–384 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Polson DW, Adams J, Wadsworth J, Franks S. Polycystic ovaries-a common finding in normal women. Lancet. 1988;1:870–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hirschberg AL. Polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and reproductive implications. Womens Health. 2009;5:529–40.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Doi SA. Neuroendocrine dysfunction in PCOS: a critique of recent reviews. Clin Med Res. 2008;6:47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vrbikova J, Hainer V. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Obes Facts. 2009;2:26–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kalro BN, Loucks TL, Berga SL. Neuromodulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2001;28:35–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Pianazzi F, Volpogni C, Genazzani AR. The concomitant release of androstenedione with cortisol and luteinizing hormone pulsatile releases distinguishes adrenal from ovarian hyperandrogenism. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1993;7:33–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Plouffe L Jr. Disorders of excessive hair growth in the adolescent. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2000;27:79–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vrbikova J, Cibula D. Combined oral contraceptives in the treatment of polycycstic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11:277–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cibula D, Gompel A, Mueck AO, La Vecchia C, Hannaford PC, Skouby SO, Zikan M, Dusek L. Hormonal contraception and risk of cancer. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16:631–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Genazzani AD. Inositol as putative integrative treatment for PCOS. Reprod Biomed Online. 2016;33:770–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.024.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. de Melo AS, Dias SV, Cavalli Rde C, Cardoso VC, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, Ferriani RA, Vieira CS. Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: multifactorial assessment from the foetal stage to menopause. Reproduction. 2015 Jul;150(1):R11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ibáñez L, Potau N, Francois I, de Zegher F. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: relation to reduced fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:3558–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Berridge MJ, Irvine RF. Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature. 1984;312(5992):315–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Genazzani AD, Shefer K, Della Casa D, Prati A, Napolitano A, Manzo A, Despini G, Simoncini T. Modulatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) administration on insulin sensitivity in obese PCOS patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 May;41(5):583–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Padmalayam I, Hasham S, Saxena U, Pillarisetti S. Lipoic acid synthase (LASY): a novel role in inflammation, mitochondrial function, and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009;58:600–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ciaraldi TP, El-Roeiy A, Madar Z, et al. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;75:577–83.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Schindler AE. Non-contraceptive use of hormonal contraceptives for women with various medical problems. J Pediat Obstet Gynecol. 2008;34:183–200.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Schindler AE. Non-contraceptive benefits of oral hormonal contraceptives. In J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11:41–7.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Falsetti L, Gambera A, Tisi G. Efficacy of the combination ethinyl oestradiol and cyproterone acetate on endocrine, clinical and ultrasonographic profile in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(1):36–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Paradisi R, Fabbri R, Battaglia C, Venturoli S. Ovulatory effects of flutamide in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29:391–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Barnhart KT, Schreiber CA. Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:659–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Franks S, Berga SL. Does PCOS have developmental origins? Fertil Steril. 2012;97:2–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Genazzani AD, Prati A, Simoncini T, Napolitano A. Modulatory role of D-chiro-inositol and alpha lipoic acid combination on hormonal and metabolic arameters of overweight/obese PCOS patients. European Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019;1(1):29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Genazzani AD, Despini G, Santagni S, Prati A, Rattighieri E, Chierchia E, Simoncini T. Effects of a combination of alpha lipoic acid and myo-inositol on insulin dynamics in overweight/obese patients with PCOS. Endocrinol Metab Synd. 2014;3:3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Genazzani AD, Santagni S, Rattighieri E, Chierchia E, Despini G, Marini G, Prati A, Simoncini T. Modulatory role of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) on LH and insulin secretion in obese PCOS patients. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2014;30(6):438–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Genazzani AD, Santagni S, Ricchieri F, Campedelli A, Rattighieri E, Chierchia E, Marini G, Despini G, Prati A, Simoncini T. Myo-inositol modulates insulin and luteinizing hormone secretion in normal weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(5):1353–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Genazzani AD, Prati A, Santagni S, Ricchieri F, Chierchia E, Rattighieri E, Campedelli A, Simoncini T, Artini PG. Differential insulin response to myo-inositol administration in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012;28:969–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Artini PG, Di Berardino OM, Papini F, et al. Endocrine and clinical effects of myo-inositol administration in polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29:375–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zheng X, Lin D, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Song J, Li S, Sun Y. Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET. Medicine 2017;96:49(e8842).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tieu J, Shepherd E, Middleton P, Crowther CA. Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006674.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Puurunen J, Piltonen T, Morin-Papunen L, Perheentupa A, Jarvela I, Ruokonen A, Tapanainen JS. Unfavorable hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations persist after menopause in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1827–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dos Reis CM, de Melo NR, Meirelles ES, Vezozzo DP, Halpern A. Body composition, visceral fat distribution and fat oxidation in postmenopausal women using oral or transdermal oestrogen. Maturitas. 2003 Sep 25;46(1):59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, Lumsden MA, Nappi RE, Shah D, Villaseca P; Writing Group of the International Menopause Society for World Menopause Day 2012. Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric 2012;15(5):419–29.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cagnacci A, Zanin R, Cannoletta M, Generali M, Caretto S, Volpe A. Menopause, estrogens, progestins, or their combination on body weight and anthropometric measures. Fertil Steril. 2007 Dec;88(6):1603–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Endocrinology Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Alessandro D. Genazzani, Ambrosetti Fedora, Despini Giulia, Manzo Alba, Caroli Martina, Arnesano Melania, Petrillo Tabatha & Tomatis Veronica

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Andrea R. Genazzani

Authors
  1. Alessandro D. Genazzani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ambrosetti Fedora
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Despini Giulia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Manzo Alba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Caroli Martina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arnesano Melania
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Petrillo Tabatha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tomatis Veronica
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Andrea R. Genazzani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, Pisa, Italy

    Andrea R. Genazzani

  2. Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Lourdes Ibáñez

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

    Andrzej Milewicz

  4. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynaecworld, Mumbai, India

    Duru Shah

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Genazzani, A.D. et al. (2021). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Considerations About Therapeutic Strategies Choices from Fertile Life to Menopause. In: Genazzani, A.R., Ibáñez, L., Milewicz, A., Shah, D. (eds) Impact of Polycystic Ovary, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity on Women Health. ISGE Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63650-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63650-0_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-63649-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-63650-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation