Mechanism of Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials and Defense by the Crop Plants

Singh, Ranjana; Patel, Kajal

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63249-6_13

Ranjana Singh⁷ &
Kajal Patel⁸

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 50))

402 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Rapid progress and broad applications of nanotechnology has resulted into a considerable increase in the number of engineered-nanomaterials that are inevitably entering in the environment and agriculture fields and have become a critical environmental threat. The production of engineered nanomaterials is increasing very rapidly due to their wide applications. The predicted global market value for nanomaterials would be about 11.3 billion USD by 2022 and almost 9–37% of engineered nanomaterials are directly or indirectly emitted into the atmosphere. It is apparent that due to technological upgradation, unsustainable use products and anthropogenic activities, contamination of agricultural soil with engineered nanomaterials has recently become a severe problem because it may lead to some unidentified issues related to food safety and quality. Finding a sustainable and ecological benign approach is a major challenge to contest engineered contamination of agriculture soil as well as crops grown there.

In spite of availability of huge toxicological data on engineered nanomaterials, systematic studies on impact of engineered nanomaterials and the underlying mechanism of their toxicity on crops are still not fully revealed. Therefore, this chapter comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on exposure pathway of engineered nanomaterials, to agricultural soil, their interaction with crops and phytotoxicity at morphological, physiological and molecular level. Eventually, it highlights the mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials detoxification in crop plants in order to increase tolerance and sustainability. A clear understanding of engineered nanomaterials impacts on crops will help in optimizing their application in agriculture to improve crop production and to meet unforeseen demand of food in safe and sustainable way. The present chapter would provide a comprehensive current knowledge on the issue and a clear understanding of engineered nanomaterials impacts on crops plants.

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Abbreviations

Ag-NPs:: silver-nanoparticles
Al₂O₃-NPs:: aluminum oxide-nanoparticles
Au-NPs:: gold-nanoparticles
CeO₂-NPs:: cerium oxide-nanoparticles
CuO-NPs:: copper oxide-nanoparticle
GSSG:: reduced glutathione
ICP-OES/MS:: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry
In₂O₃-NPs:: indium oxide-nanoparticles
MWCNTs:: multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NADPH:: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NiO-NPs:: nickel oxide-nanoparticles
nTiO₂:: nano-titanium dioxide
Pt-NPs:: platinum-nanoparticles
SWCNTs:: single-walled carbon nanotubes
TiO₂-NP:: titanium dioxide-nanoparticle
WWTP:: wastewater treatment plant
ZnO-NPs:: zinc oxide- nanoparticles
γ-Fe₂O₃-NPs:: gamma-iron oxide-nanoparticle
μ-XANES:: micro X-ray absorption near edge structure
μ-XRF:: micro X-ray fluorescence

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Professor K.S. Rao, Head, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India for his kind support. Financial support by the UGC, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged.

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Department of Botany, Government Model Degree College, Arniya-Bulandsahr, UP, India
Ranjana Singh
Natural Resources Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Kajal Patel

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Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vipin Kumar Singh
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Rishikesh Singh
Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Singh, R., Patel, K. (2021). Mechanism of Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials and Defense by the Crop Plants. In: Kumar Singh, V., Singh, R., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 50. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 50. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63249-6_13

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