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Advances Toward the Development of New Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Acetylcholinesterase and Its Remediation Processes

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Functional Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials and Biomolecules

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials ((ENG.MAT.))

Abstract

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a serine protease, responsible for finalising the transmission of nerve impulses at cholinergic synapses by hydrolysis of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter. Therefore, from this perspective, it is well-known that the irreversible or prolonged inhibition of AChE elevates the synaptic Ach level, resulting in severe central and peripheral adverse effects that fall under the cholinergic syndrome spectra. Certain AChE inhibitors (AChEI) with reactivator effects stand out more specifically to combat the possible toxic effects, such as denominated oximes that are widely designed substances. Current investigations focus on searching for new and more effective broad-spectrum reactivators of the inhibited AChE (same in its aged form) against diverse organophosphorus agents. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to present a more complete understanding of new therapeutic strategies targeting AChE and its remediation processes. Through the bioremediation techniques employing degrading enzymes also show advances as a promising approach of degrading toxic organophosphorus compounds, that is, preventing the individuals from undergoing the toxic effects of the AChE inhibition. It is also important to mention that AChE is a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of certain disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The employment of nanotechnology and biosensors represents a promising alternative, with the potential to boost the forms of treatment and diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP, 37200-000, Brazil

    Alexandre A. de Castro, Letícia C. Assis, Giovanna C. Gajo & Teodorico C. Ramalho

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

    Teodorico C. Ramalho

  3. Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Química Computacional, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, PR, 86036-370, Brazil

    Felipe A. La Porta

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  3. Giovanna C. Gajo
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    Felipe A. La Porta

  2. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carlton A. Taft

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de Castro, A.A., Assis, L.C., Gajo, G.C., Ramalho, T.C., La Porta, F.A. (2021). Advances Toward the Development of New Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Acetylcholinesterase and Its Remediation Processes. In: La Porta, F.A., Taft, C.A. (eds) Functional Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials and Biomolecules. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62226-8_21

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