Abstract
This chapter reviews the concept and measurement of sustainable tourism at regional level. Various contributions towards the definition and the measurement of sustainable tourism are presented, with special attention paid to the initiative of Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. This project, launched by the World Tourism Organization in 2015, aims to build an international statistical framework for the measurement of sustainable tourism, by integrating economic, social, and environmental indicators. Furthermore, several specific issues are discussed in this chapter regarding the analysis and implementation of tourism sustainability at a regional level, which are relevant both for academics and for local and regional public authorities. Finally, the System of Sustainable Tourism Development Indicators for Andalusia is presented as a good practice of a regional monitoring system for the measurement of sustainability in tourism, designed under the basis of the MST initiative. Andalusia, the southern Spanish region, is a major international tourist destination.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aall, C. (2014). Sustainable tourism in practice: Promoting or perverting the quest for a sustainable development? Sustainability,6, 2562–2583.
Alarcón, P., Gallego, I., Moniche, A., Navarro, E., Ortega, G., Ruíz, E. & Tineo, A. B. (2014). Sustainable tourism indicator system for Andalusia. Paper presented at 12th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Prague, 15–16th May.
Asmelash, A. G., & Kumar, S. (2019). Assessing progress of tourism sustainability: Developing and validating sustainability indicators. Tourism Management,71, 67–83.
Berry, S., & Ladkin, S. (1997). Sustainable tourism: A regional perspective. Tourism Management,18(7), 433–440.
Bramwell, B., Higham, J., Lane, B., & Miller, G. (2017). Twenty-five years of sustainable tourism and the journal of sustainable tourism: Looking back and moving forward. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,25(1), 1–9.
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (1993). Sustainable tourism: An evolving global approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1(1), 1–5.
Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research,39(2), 528–546.
Butler, R. W. (1991). Tourism, environment and sustainable development. Environmental Conservation,18(3), 201–209.
Butler, R. W. (1993). Tourism—An evolutionary perspective. In J. G. Nelson, R. W. Butler, & G. Wall (Eds.), Tourism and sustainable development: Monitoring, planning, managing (pp. 27–43). Waterloo: University of Waterloo Press.
Butler, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state of the art review. Tourism Geographies,1(1), 7–25.
Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Tourism Management, 31(6), 871–880.
Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research,43, 380–394.
Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management,27(6), 1274–1289.
Dovers, S. (1995). A framework for scaling and framing policy problems in sustainability. Ecological Economics,12, 93–106.
Dowling, R. (1993). An Environmentally-based planning model for regional tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1(1), 17–37.
Dupeyras, A., & MacCallum, N. (2013). Indicators for measuring competitiveness in tourism: A guidance document, OECD tourism papers 2013/2, OECD Publishing.
European Commission. (2013). The European tourism indicator system. Toolkit for sustainable destinations. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission. (2016). The European tourism indicator system. ETIS toolkit for sustainable destination management. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Gallego, I., & Moniche, A. (2014). New utilities for regional TSA information system: Sustainable tourism indicator system for Andalusia. Paper presented at II International Seminar on Regional Tourism: Moving towards a Regional TSA approach, Venice, 9–10th October.
Gallego, I., Moniche, A., Ortega, G., Ruiz, E., Tineo, A. B., & Ruiz de la Rúa, F. (2014). A sustainable tourism indicator system for Andalusia: Implementation for public management. 13th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Nara, 17–18th November.
Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (1998). Beyond the rhetoric of sustainable tourism? Tourism Management,19(3), 199–212.
Gössling, S. (2002). Global environmental consequences of tourism. Global Environmental Change,12, 283–302.
Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2008). Swedish tourism and climate change mitigation: An emerging conflict? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,8(2), 141–158.
Hall, C. M. (1998). Historical antecedents of sustainable development and ecotourism: New labels on old bottles? In C. M. Hall & A. Lew (Eds.), Sustainable tourism development: Geographical perspectives (pp. 13–24). London: Addison-Wesley Longman.
Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning: Policies, processes and relationships (2nd ed.). London: Prentice-Hall.
Hall, C. M. (2010). Changing paradigms and global change: From sustainable to steady-state tourism. Tourism Recreation Research,35(2), 131–145.
Hall, M. C. (2011). Policy learning and policy failure in sustainable tourism governance: From first- and second-order to third-order change? Journal of Sustainable Tourism,19(4–5), 649–671.
Hardy, A. L., & Beeton, R. J. S. (2001). Sustainable tourism or maintainable tourism: Managing resources for more than average outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,9(3), 168–192.
Hernández-Martín, R., Simancas-Cruz, M. R., González-Yanes, J. A., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Y., García-Cruz, J. I., & González-Mora, Y. M. (2016). Identifying microdestinations and providing statistical information: A pilot study in the Canary Islands. Current Issues in Tourism,19(8), 771–790.
Hernández-Martín, R. (2017). An extended approach for MST at the subnational scale. Lessons from a pilot study. Paper presented at 6th UNWTO International Conference of Tourism Statistics. Measuring Sustainable Tourism, Manila, 21–24th June.
Hernández-Martín, R. (2018). Reflections on measuring the sustainability of tourism at the destination scale. Working Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Second Meeting, UNWTO Headquarters. Madrid, 24–25th October.
Hunter, C. (1995). On the need to re-conceptualise sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,3, 155–165.
Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research,24(4), 850–867.
IECA. (2018). Survey of the tourism situation of Andalusia. Available via: https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadisticaycartografia/turismo/index.htm. Accessed Nov 22, 2018.
INRouTe. (2016). Tourism, territory and sustainability. A statistical insight at subnational levels. INRouTe.
International Conference on Responsible Tourism in Destinations. (2002). The Cape town declaration, Cape Town. Available via: https://responsibletourismpartnership.org/cape-town-declaration-on-responsible-tourism/. Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
Kasim, A. (2006). The need for business environmental and social responsibility in the tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration,7(1), 1–22.
Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: A conceptual approach. Tourism Management,26(3), 431–445.
Kozic, I., & Mikulic, J. (2011). An exploratory assessment of tourism sustainability in Croatian coastal destinations. Working Paper Series. Paper No. 11–04, University of Zagreb, Croacia.
Lane, B. (2009). Thirty years of sustainable tourism. Drivers, progress, problems and the future. In S. Gössling, C. M. Hall & D. B. Weaver (Eds.), Sustainable tourism futures. Perspectives on systems, restructuring and innovations (pp. 19–32). Routledge: New York, London.
Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,11(6), 459–475.
Lozano-Oyola, M., Blancas, F. J., González, M., & Caballero, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators,18, 659–675.
Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Sport of Andalusia. (2007). Indicadores sobre turismo y sostenibilidad en los destinos: Una aproximación desde Andalucía. Estudios Turísticos, 172–173,131–139.
Ministry of Tourism and Trade of Andalusia. (2015). System of sustainable tourism development indicators for Andalusia. Andalusia Regional Government.Available via: https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoycomercio/publicaciones/estadisticas/Sist_Indicadores.pdf. Accessed, Oct 26, 2018.
Ministry of Tourism and Sport of Andalusia. (2016). Plan General de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía. Horizonte 2020. Volume II. Andalusia Regional Government. Available via: https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/export/sites/ctc/.galleries/Planificacion/PGTSAH-2020-volumenII-consejo-gobierno.pdf Accessed Feb 15, 2019.
Ministry of Tourism and Sport of Andalusia. (2017). Balance del año turístico en Andalucía. Año 2016. Andalusia Regional Government. Available via: https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/publicaciones/estadisticas/bata_2016.pdf. Accessed Feb 15, 2019.
McCool, S. F., Moisey, R. N., & Nickerson, N. P. (2001). What should tourism sustain? The disconnect with industry perceptions of useful indicators. Journal of Travel Research,40(2), 124–131.
Moscardo, G., & Murphy, L. (2014). There is no such thing as sustainable tourism: Re-conceptualizing tourism as a tool for sustainability. Sustainability,6(5), 2538–2561.
One Planet Network. (2019). A platform for sustainable development goal 12. Available via: https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/ Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
Owen, R. E., Witt, S. F., & Gammon, S. (1993). Sustainable tourism development in Wales: From theory to practice. Tourism Management,14(6), 463–474.
Pigram, J. (1990). Sustainable tourism: policy considerations. Journal of Tourism Studies,1(2), 2–9.
Pulido Fernández, J. I., & Sánchez Rivero, M. (2009). Measuring tourism sustainability: Proposal for a composite index. Tourism Economics,15(2), 277–296.
Rossi, C., Guevara, A., Navarro-Jurado, E., Caselli, J., & Perea-Median, M. J. (2017). Caso de estudio: diseño e implementación del soporte tecnológico de un sistema de indicadores de turismo sostenible. In J. F. Vera-Rebollo, J. Ivars-Baidal y Marco & A. Celdrán Bernabéu (Eds.), Actas del Seminario Internacional Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes: nuevos horizontes en la investigación y gestión del turismo (pp. 327–350). Alicante: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante.
Scott, D., & Becken, S. (2010). Adapting to climate change and climate policy: Progress, problems and potentials. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,18(3), 283–295.
UNEP. (1998). Fourth Meeting of conference of the parties to the convention on biological diversity (UNEP/CBD/COP/4/Inf.21). Bratislava, 4–15th May.
UNWTO. (1993). Sustainable tourism development: Guide for local planners. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (1997). Agenda 21 for the travel and tourism industry: towards environmentally sustainable development. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (1998). Guide for local authorities on developing sustainable tourism. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (1999). Global codes of ethics for tourism. For responsible tourism. Available via: https://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/gcetbrochureglobalcodeen.pdf
UNWTO. (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: A guidebook. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (2016). 2017 International year of sustainable tourism for development. Available via: https://www.tourism4development2017.org/about/ Accessed Feb 8, 2019.
UNWTO. (2018a). UNWTO tourism highlights, 2018 Edition. Available via: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876. Accessed Oct 25, 2018.
UNWTO. (2018b). Linking the TSA and the SEEA: A technical note. Available via: https://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/tsaseeatechnote.pdf. Accessed Feb 27, 2019.
UNWTO. (2018c). Next steps. The second meeting of the Working Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Available via: https://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/wge_mst_2nd_item_6.1.pdf. Accessed Feb 27, 2019.
UNWTO. (2018d). Statistical framework for measuring the sustainability of tourism: Consultation draft. Draft prepared for discussion with the Working Group of Experts on Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. October 2018. Available via: https://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/wge_mst_2nd_item_2.1_doc_0.pdf. Accessed Mar 14, 2019.
UNWTO & Industry, Science and Technology Canada. (1993). Indicators for the sustainable management of tourism. Report of the International Working Group on Indicators of Sustainable Tourism to the Environment Committee. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
UNEP & UNWTO. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable. A guide for policy makers. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO, UNEP & WMO. (2008). Climate change and tourism—Responding to global challenges. Madrid: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (2015). Statistical framework for measuring the sustainability of tourism. Available via: https://www.unwto.org/standards/statistical-framework-for-measuring-the-sustainabilityof-tourism Accessed 14 March 2019.
Vera-Rebollo, J. F., & Ivars, J. A. (2003). Measuring sustainability in a mass tourist destination: Pressures, perceptions and policy responses in Torrevieja. Spain. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,11(2–3), 181–203.
World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
World Conference on Sustainable Tourism. (1995). Charter for sustainable tourism. Available via: https://www.institutoturismoresponsable.com/events/sustainabletourismcharter2015/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CharterForSustainableTourism.pdf. Accessed Feb 4, 2019.
Acknowledgements
This study benefits from the Project “Tourism SMEs, Global Value Chains, and Innovation” (INTURPYME), which was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in the framework of the Spanish National 2013 R&D Plan (ECO2013-42889-P).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tejada, P., Romero, I., Moreno, P. (2021). Measuring Tourism Sustainability: The Case of Andalusia. In: Ferrante, M., Fritz, O., Öner, Ö. (eds) Regional Science Perspectives on Tourism and Hospitality. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61274-0_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61274-0_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-61273-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-61274-0
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)