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Fundamentals of Nanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology

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Nanobiotechnology: A Multidisciplinary Field of Science

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field of science which integrates chemistry, engineering sciences, physics, and materials science altogether. It is the science whose main purpose is to design, characterize, and produce nanoscaled materials with controlled shapes and sizes. It deals with materials with dimensions less than 100 nm. These materials are referred to as nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, or nanostructures. Such materials possess outstanding mechanical, electrical, optical, functional, and magnetic properties. During the last few decades, these nanomaterials have arisen as smart and multifunctional ones. Different synthesis routes of nanomaterials have been under investigation by researchers around the globe including physical, chemical, and biological synthesis approaches. Despite the high control over the size and shape of nanomaterials via the chemical and physical synthesis methodologies, there are major concerns regarding the release of hazardous toxic byproducts which usually accompany the process of synthesis. Hence, this contributed to the rise of the nanobiotechnology. From that point, green, biological entities have been evaluated and employed to overcome such risky synthesis approaches. Apart from providing an overview on the historical arise of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, this chapter also includes an account of nanomaterials’ classification and characteristic features. A special emphasis is provided regarding the physical, chemical and biological synthesis procedures.

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  1. Researcher in Microbiology, Petroleum Biotechnology Laboratory, Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

    Basma A. Omran

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Omran, B.A. (2020). Fundamentals of Nanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology. In: Nanobiotechnology: A Multidisciplinary Field of Science. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46071-6_1

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