Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 300))

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the materials of modern age having diverse applications in every sector. This article discusses the structure, synthesis, properties, purification, and application aspects of CNTs. CNTs can be classified based on tube structure and shapes. This chapter elaborates single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs), and double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) in brief. In addition, researches are going on worldwide to generate CNTs of variable shapes such as coiled, waved, bent, beaded, junction CNTs. CNTs can be synthesized by chemical and physical routes. The most common method of CNT production is chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique that can produce pure CNTs in large quantities. This article also opens up the present aspects of growth mechanism of CNTs. The unique combination of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of CNTs makes them a potential performer in the number of fields such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, energy devices , high strength composites, biomedical, chemical. However, the application of CNTs is still somehow limited and yet to reach the desired plateau due to the purification, large-scale production, and toxicity issues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. G. Collin, in CFI. Ceramic forum international (Göller, 2000), pp. 28

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Emsley, Astron. 31, 87 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. K.K. Kar, Composite Materials (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. H.W. Kroto, J.R. Heath, S.C. O’Brien, R.F. Curl, R.E. Smalley, Nature 318, 162 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Bethune, C.H. Kiang, M. De Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, R. Beyers. Nature 363, 605 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Iijima, T. Ichihashi, Nature 363, 603 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Dasgupta, L.P. Rajukumar, C. Rotella, Y. Lei, M. Terrones, Nano Today 12, 116 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K.K. Kar, J.K. Pandey, S. Rana, Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Tersoff, R. Ruoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 676 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Wang, Z.-K. Tang, G.-D. Li, J.S. Chen, Nature 408, 50 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A.L. Kalamkarov, A. Georgiades, S. Rokkam, V.P. Veedu, M.N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, Int. J. Solids Struct. 43, 6832 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Haddon Science 261, 1545 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  13. N. Hamada, S-i. Sawada, A. Oshiyama Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Annu, B. Bhattacharya, P.K. Singh, P.K. Shukla, H.-W. Rhee, J. Alloys Compd. 691, 970 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. N.M. Rodriguez, A. Chambers, R.T.K. Baker, Langmuir 11, 3862 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. E. Ganesh, Inter. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. 2, 311 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Q. Shi, Z. Yu, Y. Liu, H. Gong, H. Yin, W. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Peng, Optics Commun. 285, 4542 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. X. Wu, X.C. Zeng, Nano Lett. 9, 250 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P.J. Harris, S.C. Tsang, J.B. Claridge, M.L.H. Green, Chem Soc. Faraday Trans. 90, 2799 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Zhu, G. Xu, Nanoscale 2, 2538 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. P. Agnihotri, S. Basu, K.K. Kar, Carbon 49, 3098 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Sharma, K.K. Kar, Electrochim. Acta 156, 199 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Huczko, Appl. Phys. A 74, 617 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Fan, M.G. Chapline, N.R. Franklin, T.W. Tombler, A.M. Cassell, H. Dai, Science 283, 512 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. Hata, D.N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, S. Iijima, Science 306, 1362 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Bachtold, P. Hadley, T. Nakanishi, C. Dekker, Science 294, 1317 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Kong, N.R. Franklin, C. Zhou, M.G. Chapline, S. Peng, K. Cho, H. Dai, Science 287, 622 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Misewich, R. Martel, P. Avouris, J.C. Tsang, S. Heinze, J. Tersoff, Science 300, 783 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.J. Tans, A.R. Verschueren, C. Dekker, Nature 393, 49 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Zhang, J. Li, Mater. Today 12, (12) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. Iijima, C. Brabec, A. Maiti, J. Bernholc, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2089 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. B.I. Yakobson, C. Brabec, J. Bernholc, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2511 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Zhang, K.R. Atkinson, R.H. Baughman, Science 306, 1358 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Zhang, S. Fang, A.A. Zakhidov, S.B. Lee, A.E. Aliev, C.D. Williams, K.R. Atkinson, R.H. Baughman, Science 309, 1215 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Chernozatonskii, Phys. Lett. A 172, 173 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. G.E. Scuseria, Chem. Phys. Lett. 195, 534 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. V. Meunier, M.B. Nardelli, J. Bernholc, T. Zacharia, J.-C. Charlier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5234 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. G. Treboux, P. Lapstun, K. Silverbrook, Chem. Phys. Lett. 306, 402 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. A.N. Andriotis, M. Menon, D. Srivastava, L. Chernozatonskii, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 266 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Menon, D. Srivastava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4453 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. V.N. Popov, Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Reports 43, 61 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  43. D. Zhou, S. Seraphin, Chem. Phys. Lett. 238, 286 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Luo, L. Liu, K. Jiang, L. Zhang, Q. Li, S. Fan, Carbon 46, 440 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. B. Satishkumar, P.J. Thomas, A. Govindaraj, C.N.R. Rao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2530 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L.F. Su, J.N. Wang, F. Yu, Z.M. Sheng, Chem. Vap. Deposition 11, 351 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Wei, Y. Liu, L. Cao, L. Fu, X. Li, Y. Wang, G. Yu, D. Zhu, Nano Lett. 6, 186 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Ural, Y. Li, H. Dai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3464 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Han, X. Liu, C. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 5294 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. S. Huang, X. Cai, J. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5636 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J.F. AuBuchon, L.-H. Chen, A.I. Gapin, D.-W. Kim, C. Daraio, S. Jin, Nano Lett. 4, 1781 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. R. Gao, Z.L. Wang, S. Fan, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 1227 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. W. Davis, R. Slawson, G. Rigby, Nature 171, 756 (1953)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Amelinckx, X. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, X.F. Zhang, V. Ivanov, J.B. Nagy, Science 265, 635 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. M. Zhang, Y. Nakayama, L. Pan, Japn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L1242 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. W. Wang, K. Yang, J. Gaillard, P.R. Bandaru, A.M. Rao, Adv. Mater. 20, 179 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. P. Bandaru, C. Daraio, K. Yang, A.M. Rao, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 094307 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. W.A. De Heer, P. Poncharal, C. Berger, J. Gezo, Z. Song, J. Bettini, D. Ugarte, Science 307, 907 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Y. Nakayama, M. Zhang, Japn. J. Appl. Phys. 40, L492 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. C. Journet, W. Maser, P. Bernier, et al Nature 388, 756 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  61. L.P. Biró, C.A. Bernardo, G. Tibbetts, P. Lambin, Carbon Filaments and Nanotubes: Common Origins, Differing Applications? (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  62. H. Qiu, Z. Shi, L. Guan, L. You, M. Gao, S. Zhang, J. Qiu, Z. Gu, Carbon 44, 516 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Y.-H. Wang, S.-C. Chiu, K.-M. Lin, Y.-Y. Li, Carbon 42, 2535 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Z. Shi, Y. Lian, F.H. Liao, X. Zhou, Z. Gu, Y. Zhang, S. Iijima, H. Li, K.T. Yue, S-L. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 61, 1031 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  65. K. Imasaka, Y. Kanatake, Y. Ohshiro, J. Suehiro, M. Hara, Thin Solid Films 506, 250 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. S.J. Lee, H.K. Baik, J-E. Yoo, J.H. Han, Diamond Relat. Mater. 11, 914 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  67. T. Guo, P. Nikolaev, A.G. Rinzler, D. Tomdnek, D.T. Colbert, R.E. Smalley, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 10694 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. J.H. Hafner, M.J. Bronikowski, B.R. Azamian, P. Nikolaev, A.G. Rinzler, D.T. Colbert, K.A. Smith, R.E. Smalley, Chem. Phys. Lett. 296, 195 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. H. Kataura, Y. Kumazawa, Y. Maniwa, Y. Ohtsuka, R. Sen, S. Suzuki, Y. Achiba, Carbon 38, 1691 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. M. Zhang, M. Yudasaka, S. Iijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 336, 196 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. D. Nishide, H. Kataura, S. Suzuki, K. Tsukagoshi, Y. Aoyagi, Y. Achiba, Chem. Phys. Lett. 372, 45 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Yudasaka, T. Komatsu, T. Ichihashi, Y. Achiba, S. Iijima, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 4892 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. H. Zhang, Y. Ding, C. Wu, Y. Chen, Y. Zhu, Y. He, S. Zhong, Physica B: Conden. Matt. 325, 224 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. N. Braidy, M. El Khakani, G. Botton, Carbon 40, 2835 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. L.L. Lebel, B. Aissa, M.A. El Khakani, D. Therriault, Compos. Sci. Technol. 70, 518 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. K.B. Teo, C. Singh, M. Chhowalla, Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology 10, 1 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  77. A. Szabó, C. Perri, A. Csató, G. Giordano, D. Vuono, J.B. Nagy, Materials 3, 3092 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. S.A. Steiner III, T.F. Baumann, B.C. Bayer, R. Blume, M.A. Worsley, W.J. MoberlyChan, E.L. Shaw, R. Schlög, A.J. Hart, S. Hofmann, B.L. Wardle, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 12144 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. R. Smajda, J. Andresen, M. Duchamp, R. Meunier, S. Casimirius, K. Hernádi, L. Forró, A. Magrez, Physica status solidi (b) 246, 2457 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. H. Tempel, R. Joshi, J.J. Schneider, Mater. Chem. Phys. 121, 178 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. H.-R. Byon, H.-S. Lim, H.-J. Song, H.-C. Choi, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 28, 2056 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Y. Xu, E. Dervishi, A.R. Biris, A.S. Biris, Mater. Lett. 65, 1878 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. D. Varshney, B.R. Weiner, G. Morell, Carbon 48, 3353 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. B. Brown, C.B. Parker, B.R. Stoner, J.T. Glass, Carbon 49, 266 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. H.D. Kim, J.-H. Lee, W.S. Choi, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 58, 112 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. O. Lee, J. Jung, S. Doo, S.-S. Kim, T.-H. Noh, K.-I. Kim, Y.-S. Lim, Metals Mater. Int. 16, 663 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. R. Sharma, S.-W. Chee, A. Herzing, R. Miranda, P. Rez, Nano Lett. 11, 2464 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. M. Palizdar, R. Ahgababazadeh, A. Mirhabibi, B. Alireza, P. Rik, P. Shima, J. Nanosci, Nanotechnol. 11, 5345 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. T. Tomie, S. Inoue, M. Kohno, Y. Matsumura, Diamond Relat. Mater. 19, 1401 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Z. Yong, L. Fang, Z. Zhi-Hua, Micron 42, 547 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. A. Afolabi, A. Abdulkareem, S. Mhlanga, S.E. Iyuke, J. Exp. Nanosci. 6, 248 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. S. Dumpala, J.B. Jasinski, G.U. Sumanasekera, M.K. Sunkara, Carbon 49, 2725 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J. Zhu, M. Yudasaka, S. Iijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 380, 496 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. M. Paradise, T. Goswami, Mater. Des. 28, 1477 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. P. Nikolaev, M.J. Bronikowski, R.K. Bradley, F. Rohmund, D.T. Colbert, K.A. Smith, R.E. Smalley, Chem. Phys. Lett. 313, 91 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Z. Tang, L. Zhang, N. Wang, X.X. Zhang, G.H. Wen, G.D. Li, J.N. Wang, C.T. Chan, P. Sheng, Science 292, 2462 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. D. Resasco, W. Alvarez, F. Pompeo, L. Balzano, J.E. Herrera, B. Kitiyanan, A. Borgna, J. Nanopart. Res. 4, 131 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. W. Hsu, J. Hare, M. Terrones, H.W. Kroto, D.R.M. Walton, P.J.F. Harris, Nature 377, 687 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. J. Bai, A.-L. Hamon, A. Marraud, B. Jouffrey, V. Zymla, Chem. Phys. Lett. 365, 184 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. D. Laplaze, P. Bernier, W. Maser, G. Flamant, T. Guillard, A. Loiseau, Carbon 36, 685 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. D. Luxembourg, G. Flamant, D. Laplaze, Carbon 43, 2302 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Y. Gogotsi, J.A. Libera, M. Yoshimura, J. Mater. Res. 15, 2591 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Y. Gogotsi, N. Naguib, J. Libera, Chem. Phys. Lett. 365, 354 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. V. Jourdain, H. Kanzow, M. Castignolles, A. Loiseau, P. Bernier, Chem. Phys. Lett. 364, 27 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. F. Ding, K. Bolton, A. Rosen, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 17369 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. B.K. Kaushik, M.K. Majumder, Carbon nanotube: Properties and applications, in Carbon Nanotube Based VLSI Interconnects (Springer, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  107. S. Patole, P. Alegaonkar, H-C. Lee, J-B. Yoo, Carbon 46, 1987 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  108. J. Prasek, J. Drbohlavova, J. Chomoucka, J. Hubalek, O. Jasek, V. Adam, R. Kizek, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 15872 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. N. Muradov, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26, 1165 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. J. Pinilla, R. Moliner, I. Suelves, M.J. Lázaro, Y. Echegoyen, J.M. Palacios, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 4821 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. N. Fotopoulos, J. Xanthakis, Diamond Relat. Mater. 19, 557 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. S. Naha, I.K. Puri, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 41, 065304 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. G. Hajime, F. Terumi, F. Yoshiya, O. Toshiyuki, Method of purifying single wall carbon nanotubes from metal catalyst impurities (Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Japan, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  114. E. Borowiak-Palen, T. Pichler, X. Liu, M. Knupfer, A. Graff, O. Jost, W. Pompe, R.J. Kalenczuk, J. Fink, Chem. Phys. Lett. 363, 567 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. S. Bandow, A. Rao, K. Williams, A. Thess, R.E. Smalley, P.C. Eklund, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 8839 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. V. Georgakilas, D. Voulgaris, E. Vazquez, M. Prato, D.M. Guldi, A. Kukovecz, H. Kuzmany, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14318 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. H. Kajiura, S. Tsutsui, H. Huang, Y. Murakami, Chem. Phys. Lett. 364, 586 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. L. Thiên-Nga, K. Hernadi, E. Ljubović, S. Garaj, L. Forró, Nano Lett. 2, 1349 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. S. Niyogi, H. Hu, M. Hamon, P. Bhowmik, B. Zhao, S.M. Rozenzhak, J. Chen, M.E. Itkis, M.S. Meier, R.C. Haddon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 733 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. H-C. Wu, X. Chang, L. Liu, F. Zhaoa, Y. Zhao, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 1036 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  121. P.G. Collins, P. Avouris, Sci. Am. 283, 62 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. T.W. Ebbesen, H.J. Lezec, H. Hiura, J.W. Bennett, H.F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, Nature 382, 54 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. B.Q. Wei, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1172 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. J.C. Stallard, W. Tan, F.R. Smail, T.S. Gspann, A.M. Boies, N.A. Fleck, Extreme Mechanics Lett. 21, 65 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. S. Sakurai, F. Kamada, D.N. Futaba, M. Yumura, K. Hata, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8, 546 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. L. Hu, D.S. Hecht, G. Gruner, Nano Lett. 4, 2513 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. E. Bekyarova, M.E. Itkis, N. Cabrera, B. Zhao, A. Yu, J. Gao, R.C. Haddon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 5990 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. H.E. Unalan, G. Fanchini, A. Kanwal, A.D. Pasquier, M. Chhowalla, Nano Lett. 6, 677 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Z.R. Li, H.R. Kandel, E. Dervishi, V. Saini, Y. Xu, A.R. Biris, D. Lupu, G.J. Salamo, Langmuir 24, 2655 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. G. Gruner, J. Mater. Chem. 16, 3533 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. X. Wang, Q. Jiang, W. Xu, W. Cai, Y. Inoue, Y. Zhu, Carbon 53, 145 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. S. Frankland, A. Caglar, D. Brenner, M. Griebel, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 3046 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. M.F. Yu, J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 126, 271 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. B.T. Kelly, Physics of Graphite (Applied Science, London, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  135. X. Lei, T. Natsuki, J. Shi, Q.-Q. Ni, J. Nanomater. 2011, 1 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. G. Overney, W. Zhong, D. Tom´anek, Zeitschrift f¨ur Physik D 27, 93 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  137. J.P. Lu, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 58, 1649 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. B.I. Yakobson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 97–42, 549 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  139. A.M. Fennimore, T.D. Yuzvinsky, W.Q. Han, M.S. Fuhrer, J. Cumings, A. Zettl, Nature 424, 408 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. P.A. Williams, S.J. Papadakis, A.M. Patel, M.R. Falvo, S. Washburn, R. Superfine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 255502 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. C. Velasco-Santos, A.L. Martinez-Hernandez, F.T. Fisher, R. Ruoff, V.M. Castaño, Chem. Mater. 15, 4470 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. R.J. Chen, H.C. Choi, S. Bangsaruntip, E. Yenilmez, X. Tang, Q. Wang, Y.-L. Chang, H. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 1563 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. E. Pop, D. Mann, Q. Wang, K. Goodson, H. Dai, Nano Lett. 6, 96 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. P. Kim, L. Shi, A. Majumdar, P.L. McEuen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 215502/1–4 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  145. H. Xie, A. Cai, X. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 369, 120 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. M.A. Stroscio, M. Dutta, D. Kahn, K.W. Kim, Superlattices Microstruct. 29, 405 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. M. Grujicic, G. Cao, B. Gersten, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 107, 204 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. J. Maultzsch, S. Reich, C. Thomsen, E. Dobardžić, I. Milošević, M. Damnjanović, Solid State Commun. 121, 471 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. H. Ishii, N. Kobayashi, K. Hirose, Physica E 40, 249 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. A. Kasuya, Y. Saito, Y. Sasaki, M. Fukushima, T. Maedaa, C. Horie, Y. Nishina, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 217/218, 46 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  151. V.N. Popov, Carbon 42, 991 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. J.L. Sauvajol, E. Anglaret, S. Rols, L. Alvarez, Carbon 40, 1697 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. J. Hone, M. Whitney, C. Piskoti, A. Zettl, Phys. Rev. B 59, R2514 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. J. Hone, M. Whitney, A. Zettl, Synth. Met. 103, 2498 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. A. Cummings, M. Osman, D. Srivastava, M. Menon, Phys. Rev. B 70, 115405/1–6 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  156. F.Y. Meng, S. Ogata, D.S. Xu, Y. Shibutani, S.Q. Shi, Phys. Rev. B 75, 205403/1–6 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  157. M.A. Osman, D. Srivastava, Nanotechnol. 12, 21 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. A. Helland, P. Wick, A. Koehler, K. Schmid, C. Som, Environ. Health Perspect. 115, 1125 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. R.H. Baughman, A.A. Zakhidov, W.A. De Heer, Science 297, 787 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. A. Cao, H. Zhu, X. Zhang, X. Li, D. Ruan, C. Xu, B. Wei, J. Liang, D. Wu, Chem. Phys. Lett. 342, 510 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. C. Jayesh, K.K. Kar, J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 9910 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. S.K. Singh, P. Azad, M.J. Akhtar, K.K. Kar, A.C.S. Appl, Nano Mater. 9, 94746 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  163. C. Jayesh, K.K. Kar, RSC Adv. 5, 34335 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. R. Sharma, K.K. Kar, Mater. Lett. 137, 150 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. J. Cherusseri, R. Sharma, K.K. Kar, Carbon 105, 113 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. R. Sharma, A.K. Yadav, V. Panwar, K.K. Kar, J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. 34, 941 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. S. Kar, R. Bindal, S. Prabhakar, P.K. Tewari, K. Dasgupta, D. Sathiyamoorthy, Int. J. Nuclear Desalination 3, 143 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. A. Hirsch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 1853 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. J.-H. Kim, B.-G. Min, Carbon lett. 11, 298 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. K.J. Saeed, Chem. Soc. Pak. 32, 559 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. H. Wang, Current Opinion in Colloid Interface Sci 14, 364 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. B. Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, M. Nath, C.N.R. Rao, J. Mater. Chem. 10, 2115 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Y.-M. Choi, D.-S. Lee, R. Czerw, P.-W. Chiu, N. Grobert, M. Terrones, M. Reyes-Reyes, H. Terrones, J.-C. Charlier, P.M. Ajayan, S. Roth, D.L. Carroll, Y.-W. Park, Nano Lett. 3, 839 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. G. Oberdörster, J. Internal, Medicine 267, 89 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  175. A.A. Shvedova, V.E. Kagan, B. Fadeel, Annu. Rev. Pharmacool. Toxicol. 50, 63 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. P.P. Simeonova, Nanomedicine 4, 373 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. A. Nemmar, H. Vanbilloen, M. Hoylaerts, P.H. Hoet, A. Verbruggen, B. Nemery, American J. Respiratory. Crit. Care Med. 164, 1665 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. C.A. Poland, R. Duffin, I. Kinloch, A. Maynard, W.A.H. Wallace, A. Seaton, V. Stone, S. Brown, W. MacNee, K. Donaldson, Nature Nanotechnol. 3, 423 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. C-W. Lam, J.T. James, R. McCluskey, S. Arepalli, R.L. Hunter, Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 36, 189 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Science and Technology, India, (DST/TMD/MES/2K16/37(G)) for carrying out this research work. Authors are thankful to Ms Tanvi Pal for drafting a figure.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Soma Banerjee & Kamal K. Kar

  2. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Kamal K. Kar

Authors
  1. Soma Banerjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kamal K. Kar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamal K. Kar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Kamal K. Kar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Banerjee, S., Kar, K.K. (2020). Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes. In: Kar, K. (eds) Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 300. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43009-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation