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Effect of Drugs and Nanoformulation on Ocular Cells in Various Disease States

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Nanoformulations in Human Health

Abstract

Vision is the most principal sensory organ present in every organism. The mechanism of vision lies behind the ocular cells and various nerves associated with it. Thus, impairment of any of them leads to a faulty photoreceptor. The defect in the eye can be treated by various approaches like refractive surgery, wearing lens or glasses, drug therapy, or nanoformulation. Among all therapy, nanoformulation is the new strategy for the treatment of ocular diseases which can easily pass the ocular barrier and the drug can be targeted at its right place. Thus, nanoformulations are used to treat optic neuropathy, choroidal neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, and intraocular solid tumors. However, with the wide application, the toxicity of nanoformulation is also reported from various parts of the eye like eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, periorbital tissues, cornea, lens, ciliary body, iris, retina, and optic nerve. The current chapter summarizes the effect of different drugs and nanoformulation on ocular cells. Nanocarrier-based delivery of polynucleotide at ocular tissue has also been discussed briefly in this chapter.

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Abbreviations

AMD:

Age-related macular degeneration

BCRP:

Breast cancer resistance protein

ADC:

Antibody-drug conjugates

ChE:

Cholinesterase

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

DR:

Diabetic retinopathy

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

MRP:

Multidrug resistance proteins

OATP:

Organic anion transporting polypeptide

PP:

Protein phosphatase

RGC:

Retinal ganglion cells

RB:

Retinoblastoma

siRNA:

Small interfering ribonucleic acid

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

mOsm:

Milliosmole

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Acknowledgments

SP is thankful to MHRD and JB is thankful to BT/PR21857/NNT/28/1238/2017 for financial support. MM lab is supported by Grant No. BT/PR21857/NNT/28/1238/2017, EMR/2017/003054, Odisha DBT 3325/ST(BIO)-02/2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neural Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Sanjeev Kumar Paikra, Janmejaya Bag & Monalisa Mishra

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  1. Sanjeev Kumar Paikra
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  2. Janmejaya Bag
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  3. Monalisa Mishra
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Correspondence to Monalisa Mishra .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India

    Sushama Talegaonkar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

    Mahendra Rai

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Paikra, S.K., Bag, J., Mishra, M. (2020). Effect of Drugs and Nanoformulation on Ocular Cells in Various Disease States. In: Talegaonkar, S., Rai, M. (eds) Nanoformulations in Human Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41858-8_12

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