Abstract
Natural medicine found its use over a long period of time. These were effectively used in treating various ailments since ancient times. Initially simple extracts were used for treatment followed by isolated compounds. Natural compounds formed integral part of drug discovery programmes for most of the time. However, with the introduction of combinatorial chemistry the use of natural compounds reduced gradually, nevertheless, natural compounds were still under extensive evaluation and newer products were being approved. Many natural compounds have potential to treat various life threatening diseases for which synthetic medicine doesn’t have specific cure. However, natural compounds have limitations owing to their poor solubility, stability and permeability. This led to their reduced usage in clinical stage.
Nanocarriers due to their unique properties, offers successful delivery of various synthetic drugs by improving/modifying the properties such as solubility, pharmacokinetics and specificity. These advantages increased the interest towards development of various nanocarriers for the effective delivery of natural molecules. This chapter explores the various delivery options of different bioactive natural molecules and extracts using different nano carriers made of polymers, lipids and inorganic materials. Various natural molecules used in different disease conditions such as Alzheimer’s, diabetes, microbial infections, inflammatory condition and psoriasis were selected and their limitation in reaching clinical stage was discussed. The role of nanocarriers in overcoming these limitations and improving their clinical promise was highlighted with relevant case studies or examples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsAbbreviations
- AUC:
-
Area under the curve
- EGCG:
-
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- NLC:
-
Nanostructured lipid carrier
- PLGA:
-
Poly lactic-co-glycolic
References
Alam N, Hossain M, Khalil MI, Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH (2012a) Recent advances in elucidating the biological properties of Withania somnifera and its potential role in health benefits. Phytochem Rev 11(1):97–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-011-9221-5
Alam S, Khan ZI, Mustafa G, Kumar M, Islam F, Bhatnagar A, Ahmad FJ (2012b) Development and evaluation of thymoquinone-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for nose-to-brain targeting: a pharmacoscintigraphic study. Int J Nanomedicine 7:5705. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S35329
Allen TM, Cullis PR (2013) Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(1):36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037
Amri A, Chaumeil J, Sfar S, Charrueau C (2012) Administration of resveratrol: what formulation solutions to bioavailability limitations? J Control Release 158(2):182–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.083
Amritpal S, Sanjiv D, Navpreet K, Jaswinder S (2010) Berberine: alkaloid with wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. J Nat Prod (India) 3:64–75
Ananingsih VK, Sharma A, Zhou W (2013) Green tea catechins during food processing and storage: a review on stability and detection. Food Res Int 50(2):469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.004
Ankola D, Wadsworth R, Ravi Kumar M (2011) Nanoparticulate delivery can improve peroral bioavailability of cyclosporine and match Neoral Cmax sparing the kidney from damage. J Biomed Nanotechnol 7(2):300–307. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2011.1278
Ansari KA, Vavia PR, Trotta F, Cavalli R (2011) Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for delivery of resveratrol: in vitro characterisation, stability, cytotoxicity and permeation study. AAPS PharmSciTech 12(1):279–286. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-011-9584-3
Antçnio E, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM (2016) Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles containing quercetin: characterization and antioxidant activity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 16(2):1346–1353. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11672
Anwar H, Dasgupta M, Lam K, Costerton JW (1989) Tobramycin resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown under iron limitation. J Antimicrob Chemother 24(5):647–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/24.5.647
Avadhani KS, Manikkath J, Tiwari M, Chandrasekhar M, Godavarthi A, Vidya SM, Hariharapura RC, Kalthur G, Udupa N, Mutalik S (2017) Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage. Drug Deliv 24(1):61–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2016.1228718
Badary OA, Al-Shabanah OA, Nagi MN, Al-Bekairi AM, Elmazar M (1998) Acute and subchronic toxicity of thymoquinone in mice. Drug Dev Res 44(2–3):56–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199806/07)44:2/3<56::AID-DDR2>3.0.CO;2-9
Bajwa S, Munawar A, Khan W (2017) Nanotechnology in medicine: innovation to market. Pharm Bioprocess 5(2):11–15
Barenholz YC (2012) Doxil®—the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release 160(2):117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020
Başaran E, Demirel M, Sırmagül B, Yazan Y (2010) Cyclosporine-A incorporated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery. J Microencapsul 27(1):37–47. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652040902846883
Battaglia L, D’Addino I, Peira E, Trotta M, Gallarate M (2012) Solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by coacervation method as vehicles for ocular cyclosporine. J Drug Delivery Sci Technol 22(2):125–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-2247(12)50016-X
Baur JA, Sinclair DA (2006) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5(6):493. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2060
Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Prato M (2005) Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 9(6):674–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.005
Bilia AR, Piazzini V, Guccione C, Risaliti L, Asprea M, Capecchi G, Bergonzi MC (2017) Improving on nature: the role of nanomedicine in the development of clinical natural drugs. Planta Med 83(05):366–381. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-102949
Bittner B, Mountfield R (2002) Intravenous administration of poorly soluble new drug entities in early drug discovery: the potential impact of formulation on pharmacokinetic parameters. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 5(1):59–71
Blessy M, Patel RD, Prajapati PN, Agrawal Y (2014) Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs—a review. J Pharm Anal 4(3):159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.003
Boisseau P, Loubaton B (2011) Nanomedicine, nanotechnology in medicine. Comptes Rendus Physique 12(7):620–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2011.06.001
Bonechi C, Martini S, Ciani L, Lamponi S, Rebmann H, Rossi C, Ristori S (2012) Using liposomes as carriers for polyphenolic compounds: the case of trans-resveratrol. PLoS One 7(8):e41438. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041438
Borel JF, Feurer C, Gubler H, Stähelin H (1994) Biological effects of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent. Agents Actions 43(3–4):179–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01986686
Broach JR, Thorner J (1996) High-throughput screening for drug discovery. Nature 384(6604):14–16
Caddeo C, Teskač K, Sinico C, Kristl J (2008) Effect of resveratrol incorporated in liposomes on proliferation and UV-B protection of cells. Int J Pharm 363(1–2):183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.024
Cano A, Ettcheto M, Chang J-H, Barroso E, Espina M, Kühne BA, Barenys M, Auladell C, Folch J, Souto EB (2019) Dual-drug loaded nanoparticles of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/Ascorbic acid enhance therapeutic efficacy of EGCG in a APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer’s disease mice model. J Control Release. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.010
Caster JM, Patel AN, Zhang T, Wang A (2017) Investigational nanomedicines in 2016: a review of nanotherapeutics currently undergoing clinical trials. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 9(1):e1416. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1416
Cavalli R, Gasco MR, Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Saettone MF (2002) Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as ocular delivery system for tobramycin. Int J Pharm 238(1–2):241–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00080-7
Cavalli R, Bargoni A, Podio V, Muntoni E, Zara GP, Gasco MR (2003) Duodenal administration of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with different percentages of tobramycin. J Pharm Sci 92(5):1085–1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.10368
Cerchiara T, Abruzzo A, Di Cagno M, Bigucci F, Bauer-Brandl A, Parolin C, Vitali B, Gallucci M, Luppi B (2015) Chitosan based micro-and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 92:112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.004
Chan LM, Lowes S, Hirst BH (2004) The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Sci 21(1):25–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2003.07.003
Chauhan MK, Bhatt N (2019) Bioavailability enhancement of polymyxin B with novel drug delivery: development and optimization using quality-by-design approach. J Pharm Sci 108(4):1521–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.032
Chinembiri TN, Gerber M, Du Plessis LH, Du Preez JL, Hamman JH, Du Plessis J (2017) Topical delivery of Withania somnifera crude extracts in niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharmacogn Mag 13(Suppl 3):S663. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_489_16
Cohen B (1998) Amphotericin B toxicity and lethality: a tale of two channels. Int J Pharm 162(1–2):95–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00417-1
Cragg GM (1998) Paclitaxel (Taxol®): a success story with valuable lessons for natural product drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 18(5):315–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199809)18:5<315::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-W
Crowley P, Martini LG (2001) Drug-excipient interactions. Pharm Technol 4:7–12
da Rocha Lindner G, Bonfanti Santos D, Colle D, Gasnhar Moreira EL, Daniel Prediger R, Farina M, Khalil NM, Mara Mainardes R (2015) Improved neuroprotective effects of resveratrol-loaded polysorbate 80-coated poly (lactide) nanoparticles in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. Nanomedicine 10(7):1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.14.165
Dag D, Oztop MH (2017) Formation and characterization of green tea extract loaded liposomes. J Food Sci 82(2):463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13615
Dai J, Nagai T, Wang X, Zhang T, Meng M, Zhang Q (2004) pH-sensitive nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A. Int J Pharm 280(1–2):229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.05.006
Damle M, Mallya R (2016) Development and evaluation of a novel delivery system containing phytophospholipid complex for skin aging. AAPS PharmSciTech 17(3):607–617. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0386-x
Davies J, Davies D (2010) Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74(3):417–433. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00016-10
de Carvalho RF, Ribeiro IF, Miranda-Vilela AL, de Souza Filho J, Martins OP, e Silva DOC, Tedesco AC, Lacava ZGM, Báo SN, Sampaio RNR (2013) Leishmanicidal activity of amphotericin B encapsulated in PLGA–DMSA nanoparticles to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Parasitol 135(2):217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2013.07.008
Delmas D, Aires V, Limagne E, Dutartre P, Mazué F, Ghiringhelli F, Latruffe N (2011) Transport, stability, and biological activity of resveratrol. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1215(1):48–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05871.x
Devi VK, Jain N, Valli KS (2010) Importance of novel drug delivery systems in herbal medicines. Pharmacogn Rev 4(7):27. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.65322
Dhawan S, Kapil R, Singh B (2011) Formulation development and systematic optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles of quercetin for improved brain delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 63(3):342–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01225.x
Dias DA, Urban S, Roessner U (2012) A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery. Meta 2(2):303–336. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo2020303
Dube A, Nicolazzo JA, Larson I (2010) Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the intestinal absorption of the green tea catechins (+)-catechin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate. Eur J Pharm Sci 41(2):219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2010.06.010
Dube A, Nicolazzo JA, Larson I (2011) Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the plasma exposure of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate in mice through an enhancement in intestinal stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 44(3):422–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2011.09.004
Dupont B (2002) Overview of the lipid formulations of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 49(1):31–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/49.suppl_1.31
Dwivedi P, Khatik R, Khandelwal K, Taneja I, Raju KSR, Paliwal SK, Dwivedi AK, Mishra PR (2014) Pharmacokinetics study of arteether loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: an improved oral bioavailability in rats. Int J Pharm 466(1–2):321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.036
Efferth T, Bilia A, Osman A, Elsohly M, Wink M, Bauer R, Khan I, Bergonzi M, Marin J (2016) Expanding the therapeutic spectrum of artemisinin: activity against infectious diseases beyond malaria and novel pharmaceutical developments. World J Tradit Chin Med 2:1–23. https://doi.org/10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2016.0002
Egbaria K, Ramachandran C, Weiner N (1990) Topical delivery of ciclosporin: evaluation of various formulations using in vitro diffusion studies in hairless mouse skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 3(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000210837
Ellis D (2002) Amphotericin B: spectrum and resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 49(1):7–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/49.suppl_1.7
Erlund I (2004) Review of the flavonoids quercetin, hesperetin, and naringenin. Dietary sources, bioactivities, bioavailability, and epidemiology. Nutr Res 24(10):851–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2004.07.005
Esmaeili A, Rafiee R (2015) Preparation and biological activity of nanocapsulated Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra. Flavour Fragr J 30(1):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3225
Fang J-Y, Hwang T-L, Huang Y-L, Fang C-L (2006) Enhancement of the transdermal delivery of catechins by liposomes incorporating anionic surfactants and ethanol. Int J Pharm 310(1–2):131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.12.004
Farjadian F, Ghasemi A, Gohari O, Roointan A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR (2018) Nanopharmaceuticals and nanomedicines currently on the market: challenges and opportunities. Nanomedicine 14(1):93–126. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0120
Felgines C, Texier O, Morand C, Manach C, Scalbert A, Régerat F, Rémésy C (2000) Bioavailability of the flavanone naringenin and its glycosides in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279(6):G1148–G1154. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.6.G1148
Fernández L, Gooderham WJ, Bains M, McPhee JB, Wiegand I, Hancock RE (2010) Adaptive resistance to the “last hope” antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by the novel two-component regulatory system ParR-ParS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(8):3372–3382. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00242-10
Formica J, Regelson W (1995) Review of the biology of quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol 33(12):1061–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)00077-1
Francioso A, Mastromarino P, Masci A, d’Erme M, Mosca L (2014) Chemistry, stability and bioavailability of resveratrol. Med Chem 10(3):237–245
Freitas RA Jr (2005) What is nanomedicine? Nanomedicine 1(1):2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2004.11.003
Frémont L (2000) Biological effects of resveratrol. Life Sci 66(8):663–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00410-5
Fröhlich T, Hahn F, Belmudes L, Leidenberger M, Friedrich O, Kappes B, Couté Y, Marschall M, Tsogoeva SB (2018) Synthesis of artemisinin-derived dimers, trimers and dendrimers: investigation of their antimalarial and antiviral activities including putative mechanisms of action. Chem Eur J 24(32):8103–8113. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201800729
Gauttam VK, Kalia AN (2013) Development of polyherbal antidiabetic formulation encapsulated in the phospholipids vesicle system. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 4(2):108. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.111527
Ghalioungui P (1987) The Ebers papyrus: a new English translation, commentaries and glossaries. Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo
Gharib A, Faezizadeh Z, Godarzee M (2013) Therapeutic efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate-loaded nanoliposomes against burn wound infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 26(2):68–75. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345761
Gholamnezhad Z, Havakhah S, Boskabady MH (2016) Preclinical and clinical effects of Nigella sativa and its constituent, thymoquinone: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 190:372–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.061
Gillies ER, Frechet JM (2005) Dendrimers and dendritic polymers in drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 10(1):35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03276-3
Gokce EH, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Güneri T, Caramella C (2008) Cyclosporine A loaded SLNs: evaluation of cellular uptake and corneal cytotoxicity. Int J Pharm 364(1):76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.028
Gokce EH, Korkmaz E, Dellera E, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Ozer O (2012) Resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles versus nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluation of antioxidant potential for dermal applications. Int J Nanomedicine 7:1841. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S29710
Gopi S, Amalraj A, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S (2016) Introduction of nanotechnology in herbal drugs and nutraceutical: a review. J Nanomedicine Biotherapeutic Discov 6(2):1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-983X.1000143
Group IEW ICH guideline Q1A (R2) stability testing of new drug substances and products. In: International Conference on Harmonization, 2003. vol 24. sn
Gu H, Ho P, Tong E, Wang L, Xu B (2003) Presenting vancomycin on nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activities. Nano Lett 3(9):1261–1263. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034396z
Gupta L, Sharma AK, Gothwal A, Khan MS, Khinchi MP, Qayum A, Singh SK, Gupta U (2017) Dendrimer encapsulated and conjugated delivery of berberine: a novel approach mitigating toxicity and improving in vivo pharmacokinetics. Int J Pharm 528(1–2):88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.073
Haddadi A, Elamanchili P, Lavasanifar A, Das S, Shapiro J, Samuel J (2008) Delivery of rapamycin by PLGA nanoparticles enhances its suppressive activity on dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 84(4):885–898. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31373
Haghighi P, Ghaffari S, Arbabi Bidgoli S, Qomi M, Haghighat S (2018) Preparation, characterization and evaluation of Ginkgo biloba solid lipid nanoparticles. Nanomedicine Res J 3(2):71–78. https://doi.org/10.22034/nmrj.2018.02.003
Hansch C, Clayton JM (1973) Lipophilic character and biological activity of drugs II: the parabolic case. J Pharm Sci 62(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600620102
Harvey AL (2008) Natural products in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 13(19–20):894–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2008.07.004
Hiemenz JW, Walsh TJ (1996) Lipid formulations of amphotericin B: recent progress and future directions. Clin Infect Dis 22(Supplement_2):S133–S144. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S133
Hillaireau H, Couvreur P (2009) Nanocarriers’ entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery. Cell Mol Life Sci 66(17):2873–2896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-0053-z
Hsu Chen CC, Feingold DS (1973) Mechanism of polymyxin B action and selectivity toward biologic membranes. Biochemistry 12(11):2105–2111. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00735a014
Huyck TK, Gradishar W, Manuguid F, Kirkpatrick P (2011) Eribulin mesylate. Nature Publishing Group
Ibrahim N, Ibrahim H, Sabater AM, Mazier D, Valentin A, Nepveu F (2015) Artemisinin nanoformulation suitable for intravenous injection: preparation, characterization and antimalarial activities. Int J Pharm 495(2):671–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.020
Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H (2008) Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res 22(8):999–1012. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2399
Insua I, Zizmare L, Peacock AF, Krachler AM, Fernandez-Trillo F (2017) Polymyxin B containing polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles: improving the antimicrobial activity by tailoring the degree of polymerisation of the inert component. Sci Rep 7(1):9396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09667-3
Isacchi B, Arrigucci S, Gl M, Bergonzi MC, Vannucchi MG, Novelli A, Bilia AR (2011) Conventional and long-circulating liposomes of artemisinin: preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic profile in mice. J Liposome Res 21(3):237–244. https://doi.org/10.3109/08982104.2010.539185
Ismailos G, Reppas C, Dressman JB, Macheras P (1991) Unusual solubility behaviour of cyclosporin A in aqueous media. J Pharm Pharmacol 43(4):287–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb06688.x
Italia J, Datta P, Ankola D, Kumar M (2008) Nanoparticles enhance per oral bioavailability of poorly available molecules: epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles ameliorates cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity in rats at three times lower dose than oral solution. J Biomed Nanotechnol 4(3):304–312. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2008.341
Iyer AK, Khaled G, Fang J, Maeda H (2006) Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor targeting. Drug Discov Today 11(17–18):812–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2006.07.005
Jain A, Pooladanda V, Bulbake U, Doppalapudi S, Rafeeqi TA, Godugu C, Khan W (2017) Liposphere mediated topical delivery of thymoquinone in the treatment of psoriasis. Nanomedicine 13(7):2251–2262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.009
Ji P, Yu T, Liu Y, Jiang J, Xu J, Zhao Y, Hao Y, Qiu Y, Zhao W, Wu C (2016) Naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: preparation, controlled delivery, cellular uptake, and pulmonary pharmacokinetics. Drug Des Devel Ther 10:911. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S97738
Joshi M, Pathak S, Sharma S, Patravale V (2008) Design and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers for parenteral delivery of artemether: nanoject. Int J Pharm 364(1):119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.032
Jung YD, Ellis LM (2001) Inhibition of tumour invasion and angiogenesis by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea. Int J Exp Pathol 82(6):309–316. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2001.00205.x
Kakran M, Sahoo NG, Li L, Judeh Z (2010) Dissolution of artemisinin/polymer composite nanoparticles fabricated by evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension. J Pharm Pharmacol 62(4):413–421. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.62.04.0002
Kakran M, Sahoo N, Li L (2011) Dissolution enhancement of quercetin through nanofabrication, complexation, and solid dispersion. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 88(1):121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.020
Kakran M, Sahoo NG, Li L, Judeh Z (2012) Fabrication of quercetin nanoparticles by anti-solvent precipitation method for enhanced dissolution. Powder Technol 223:59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.08.021
Kaur H, Kumar B, Chakrabarti A, Medhi B, Modi M, Radotra BD, Aggarwal R, Sinha VR (2019) A new therapeutic approach for brain delivery of epigallocatechin gallate: development and characterization studies. Curr Drug Deliv 16(1):59–65. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201815666180926121104
Kausar H, Mujeeb M, Ahad A, Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Ahmad A, Akhter MH (2019) Optimization of ethosomes for topical thymoquinone delivery for the treatment of skin acne. J Drug Delivery Sci Technol 49:177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.11.016
Keck CM, Müller RH (2006) Drug nanocrystals of poorly soluble drugs produced by high pressure homogenisation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 62(1):3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.05.009
Khan W, Farah S, Nyska A, Domb AJ (2013) Carrier free rapamycin loaded drug eluting stent: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 168(1):70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.012
Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansari SH, Sharma RK, Ali J (2015) Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of the poorly water-soluble grapefruit flavonoid Naringenin: design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 22(4):552–561. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.878003
Kleijnen J, Knipschild P (1992) Ginkgo biloba. Lancet 340(8828):1136–1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)93158-J
Klockgether-Radke A (2002) FW Sertürner and the discovery of morphine. 200 years of pain therapy with opioids. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 37(5):244–249
Kobierski S, Ofori-Kwakye K, Müller R, Keck C (2009) Resveratrol nanosuspensions for dermal application–production, characterization, and physical stability. Die Pharmazie Int J Pharm Sci 64(11):741–747. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2009.9097
Krishna S, Bustamante L, Haynes RK, Staines HM (2008) Artemisinins: their growing importance in medicine. Trends Pharmacol Sci 29(10):520–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.07.004
Kumar RP, Abraham A (2016) PVP-coated naringenin nanoparticles for biomedical applications–in vivo toxicological evaluations. Chem Biol Interact 257:110–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.012
Kumar R, Dogra S, Amarji B, Singh B, Kumar S, Vinay K, Mahajan R, Katare O (2016) Efficacy of novel topical liposomal formulation of cyclosporine in mild to moderate stable plaque psoriasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol 152(7):807–815. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.0859
Kumari A, Yadav SK, Pakade YB, Singh B, Yadav SC (2010) Development of biodegradable nanoparticles for delivery of quercetin. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 80(2):184–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.002
Laniado-Laborín R, Cabrales-Vargas MN (2009) Amphotericin B: side effects and toxicity. Rev Iberoam Micol 26(4):223–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2009.06.003
Lapenna S, Bilia AR, Morris GA, Nilsson M (2009) Novel artemisinin and curcumin micellar formulations: drug solubility studies by NMR spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 98(10):3666–3675. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21685
Levine DP (2006) Vancomycin: a history. Clin Infect Dis 42(Supplement_1):S5–S12. https://doi.org/10.1086/491709
Li H, Zhao X, Ma Y, Zhai G, Li L, Lou H (2009) Enhancement of gastrointestinal absorption of quercetin by solid lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 133(3):238–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.10.002
Li J, Kim SG, Blenis J (2014) Rapamycin: one drug, many effects. Cell Metab 19(3):373–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.001
Lin Y-H, Lin J-H, Chou S-C, Chang S-J, Chung C-C, Chen Y-S, Chang C-H (2015) Berberine-loaded targeted nanoparticles as specific Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: in vitro and in vivo study. Nanomedicine 10(1):57–71. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.14.76
Liu Y, Feng N (2015) Nanocarriers for the delivery of active ingredients and fractions extracted from natural products used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Adv Colloid Interf Sci 221:60–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.04.006
Logothetidis S (2006) Nanotechnology in medicine: the medicine of tomorrow and nanomedicine. Hippokratia 10(1):7–21
Loureiro J, Andrade S, Duarte A, Neves A, Queiroz J, Nunes C, Sevin E, Fenart L, Gosselet F, Coelho M (2017) Resveratrol and grape extract-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecules 22(2):277. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020277
Lu H, Meng X, Li C, Sang S, Patten C, Sheng S, Hong J, Bai N, Winnik B, Ho C-T (2003) Glucuronides of tea catechins: enzymology of biosynthesis and biological activities. Drug Metab Dispos 31(4):452–461. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.31.4.452
Lu Q, Li D-C, Jiang J-G (2011) Preparation of a tea polyphenol nanoliposome system and its physicochemical properties. J Agric Food Chem 59(24):13004–13011. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203194w
Lutsenko SV, Gromovykh TI, Krasnyuk II, Vasilenko IA, Feldman NB (2018) Antihepatotoxic activity of liposomal silibinin. BioNanoScience 8(2):581–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-018-0512-9
Maas J, Kamm W, Hauck G (2007) An integrated early formulation strategy–from hit evaluation to preclinical candidate profiling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.09.011
Mabberley D (2008) Mabberlev’s plant-book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Maity S, Mukhopadhyay P, Kundu PP, Chakraborti AS (2017) Alginate coated chitosan core-shell nanoparticles for efficient oral delivery of naringenin in diabetic animals—an in vitro and in vivo approach. Carbohydr Polym 170:124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.066
Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MB (2004) Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 88(6):1555–1569. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02291.x
Manea A-M, Andronescu C, Meghea A (2014) Green tea extract loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles. UPB Sci Bull B Chem Mater Sci 76(2):125–136
Marchiori MCL, Rigon C, Camponogara C, Oliveira SM, Cruz L (2017) Hydrogel containing silibinin-loaded pomegranate oil based nanocapsules exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on skin damage UVB radiation-induced in mice. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 170:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.03.015
Masimirembwa CM, Bredberg U, Andersson TB (2003) Metabolic stability for drug discovery and development. Clin Pharmacokinet 42(6):515–528. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200342060-00002
McBain SC, Yiu HH, Dobson J (2008) Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 3(2):169
Mehra M, Sheorain J, Kumari S (2016) Synthesis of berberine loaded polymeric nanoparticles by central composite design. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol 1724. AIP Publishing, p 020060
Mehrizi TZ, Ardestani MS, Molla Hoseini MH, Khamesipour A, Mosaffa N, Ramezani A (2018) Novel nano-sized chitosan amphotericin B formulation with considerable improvement against Leishmania major. Nanomedicine 13(24):3129–3147. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0063
Merisko-Liversidge EM, Liversidge GG (2008) Drug nanoparticles: formulating poorly water-soluble compounds. Toxicol Pathol 36(1):43–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623307310946
Messiaen A-S, Forier K, Nelis H, Braeckmans K, Coenye T (2013) Transport of nanoparticles and tobramycin-loaded liposomes in Burkholderia cepacia complex biofilms. PLoS One 8(11):e79220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079220
Mishra L-C, Singh BB, Dagenais S (2000) Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 5(4):334–346
Mout R, Moyano DF, Rana S, Rotello VM (2012) Surface functionalization of nanoparticles for nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 41(7):2539–2544. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS15294K
Müller R, Runge S, Ravelli V, Mehnert W, Thünemann AF, Souto E (2006) Oral bioavailability of cyclosporine: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN®) versus drug nanocrystals. Int J Pharm 317(1):82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.02.045
Musa SH, Basri M, Masoumi HRF, Shamsudin N, Salim N (2017) Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. Int J Nanomedicine 12:2427. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S125302
Naik SR, Panda VS (2007) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba phytosomes in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rodents. Liver Int 27(3):393–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01463.x
Nallamuthu I, Parthasarathi A, Khanum F (2013) Thymoquinone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: antioxidant and anti-microbial properties. Int Curr Pharm J 2(12):202–207. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17017
Neog MK, Sultana F, Rasool M (2018) Targeting RAW 264.7 macrophages (M1 type) with Withaferin-A decorated mannosylated liposomes induces repolarization via downregulation of NF-κB and controlled elevation of STAT-3. Int Immunopharmacol 61:64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.019
Neu HC (1976) Tobramycin: an overview. J Infect Dis 134:S3–S19
Pangeni R, Sahni JK, Ali J, Sharma S, Baboota S (2014) Resveratrol: review on therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 11(8):1285–1298. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.919253
Pardeike J, Hommoss A, Müller RH (2009) Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products. Int J Pharm 366(1–2):170–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.003
Park S, Chibli H, Wong J, Nadeau JL (2011) Antimicrobial activity and cellular toxicity of nanoparticle–polymyxin B conjugates. Nanotechnology 22(18):185101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/18/185101
Patwardhan B, Warude D, Pushpangadan P, Bhatt N (2005) Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2(4):465–473. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh140
Pelgrift RY, Friedman AJ (2013) Nanotechnology as a therapeutic tool to combat microbial resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(13–14):1803–1815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.011
Portman R, Meier-Kriesche H, Swinford R, Brannan P, Kahan B (2000) Reduced variability of Neoral pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 15(1–2):2–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004670000435
Puigdemont A, Brazís P, Ordeix L, Dalmau A, Fuertes E, Olivar A, Pérez C, Ravera I (2013) Efficacy of a new topical cyclosporine A formulation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Vet J 197(2):280–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.02.018
Pujara N, Jambhrunkar S, Wong KY, McGuckin M, Popat A (2017) Enhanced colloidal stability, solubility and rapid dissolution of resveratrol by nanocomplexation with soy protein isolate. J Colloid Interface Sci 488:303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.015
Qi L, Gao X (2008) Emerging application of quantum dots for drug delivery and therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 5(3):263–267. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.5.3.263
Rani R, Dahiya S, Dhingra D, Dilbaghi N, Kim K-H, Kumar S (2017) Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of glycyrrhizin-loaded nanoparticles in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 106:220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.068
Ripoli M, Angelico R, Sacco P, Ceglie A, Mangia A (2016) Phytoliposome-based silibinin delivery system as a promising strategy to prevent hepatitis C virus infection. J Biomed Nanotechnol 12(4):770–780. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2016.2161
Roque L, Duarte N, Bronze MR, Garcia C, Alopaeus J, Molpeceres J, Hagesaether E, Tho I, Rijo P, Reis C (2018) Development of a bioadhesive nanoformulation with Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract against Candida albicans. Biofouling 34(8):880–892. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1514391
Rushmi ZT, Akter N, Mow RJ, Afroz M, Kazi M, de Matas M, Rahman M, Shariare MH (2017) The impact of formulation attributes and process parameters on black seed oil loaded liposomes and their performance in animal models of analgesia. Saudi Pharm J 25(3):404–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.011
Sahibzada MUK, Sadiq A, Faidah HS, Khurram M, Amin MU, Haseeb A, Kakar M (2018) Berberine nanoparticles with enhanced in vitro bioavailability: characterization and antimicrobial activity. Drug Des Devel Ther 12:303. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S156123
Sahoo N, Kakran M, Shaal L, Li L, Müller R, Pal M, Tan L (2011) Preparation and characterization of quercetin nanocrystals. J Pharm Sci 100(6):2379–2390. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22446
Salmani J, Asghar S, Lv H, Zhou J (2014) Aqueous solubility and degradation kinetics of the phytochemical anticancer thymoquinone; probing the effects of solvents, pH and light. Molecules 19(5):5925–5939. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19055925
Santos AC, Veiga F, Ribeiro AJ (2011) New delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of resveratrol. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 8(8):973–990. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2011.581655
Seil JT, Webster TJ (2012) Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature. Int J Nanomedicine 7:2767. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S24805
Severino P, Chaud MV, Shimojo A, Antonini D, Lancelloti M, Santana MHA, Souto EB (2015) Sodium alginate-cross-linked polymyxin B sulphate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: antibiotic resistance tests and HaCat and NIH/3T3 cell viability studies. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 129:191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.049
Sharma P, Garg S (2010) Pure drug and polymer based nanotechnologies for the improved solubility, stability, bioavailability and targeting of anti-HIV drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62(4–5):491–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.019
Shetty PK, Manikkath J, Tupally K, Kokil G, Hegde AR, Raut SY, Parekh HS, Mutalik S (2017) Skin delivery of EGCG and silibinin: potential of peptide dendrimers for enhanced skin permeation and deposition. AAPS PharmSciTech 18(6):2346–2357. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0718-0
Shibata S (2000) A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice. Yakugaku Zasshi 120(10):849–862. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.120.10_849
Shoeb M (2006) Anti-cancer agents from medicinal plants. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 1(2):35–41. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v1i2.486
Siddiqui AA, Iram F, Siddiqui S, Sahu K (2014) Role of natural products in drug discovery process. Int J Drug Dev Res 6(2):172–204
Simamora P, Alvarez JM, Yalkowsky SH (2001) Solubilization of rapamycin. Int J Pharm 213(1–2):25–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00617-7
Singh G, Pai RS (2014) Optimized PLGA nanoparticle platform for orally dosed trans-resveratrol with enhanced bioavailability potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 11(5):647–659. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.890588
Singh A, Ahmad I, Akhter S, Jain GK, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad FJ (2013) Nanocarrier based formulation of Thymoquinone improves oral delivery: stability assessment, in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 102:822–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.038
Slowing II, Vivero-Escoto JL, Wu C-W, Lin VS-Y (2008) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(11):1278–1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.012
Smith TL, Pearson ML, Wilcox KR, Cruz C, Lancaster MV, Robinson-Dunn B, Tenover FC, Zervos MJ, Band JD, White E (1999) Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 340(7):493–501. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199902183400701
Smith A, Giunta B, Bickford PC, Fountain M, Tan J, Shytle RD (2010) Nanolipidic particles improve the bioavailability and α-secretase inducing ability of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Pharm 389(1–2):207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.012
Song Y, Ping Q, Wu Z (2005) Preparation of silybin nanoemulsion and its pharmacokinetics in rabbits. J China Pharm Univ 36(5):427
Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Kulkarni AR, Rudzinski WE (2001) Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J Control Release 70(1–2):1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00339-4
Storm DR, Rosenthal KS, Swanson PE (1977) Polymyxin and related peptide antibiotics. Annu Rev Biochem 46(1):723–763. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.003451
Su Y, Fu Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang Q (2008) Microencapsulation of Radix salvia miltiorrhiza nanoparticles by spray-drying. Powder Technol 184(1):114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.08.014
Sun D, Li N, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Mou Z, Huang D, Liu J, Wang W (2016) Design of PLGA-functionalized quercetin nanoparticles for potential use in Alzheimer’s disease. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 148:116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.052
Surendiran A, Sandhiya S, Pradhan S, Adithan C (2009) Novel applications of nanotechnology in medicine. Indian J Med Res 130(6):689–701
Sutton D, Nasongkla N, Blanco E, Gao J (2007) Functionalized micellar systems for cancer targeted drug delivery. Pharm Res 24(6):1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-9223-y
Takagaki A, Nanjo F (2009) Metabolism of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate by rat intestinal flora. J Agric Food Chem 58(2):1313–1321. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf903375s
Tan Q, Liu W, Guo C, Zhai G (2011) Preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 6:1621. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S22411
Taylor E, Webster TJ (2011) Reducing infections through nanotechnology and nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 6:1463. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S22021
Tsai M-J, Huang Y-B, Fang J-W, Fu Y-S, Wu P-C (2015a) Preparation and characterization of naringenin-loaded elastic liposomes for topical application. PLoS One 10(7):e0131026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131026
Tsai M-J, Huang Y-B, Fang J-W, Fu Y-S, Wu P-C (2015b) Preparation and evaluation of submicron-carriers for naringenin topical application. Int J Pharm 481(1–2):84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.034
Tubesha Z, Bakar ZA, Ismail M (2013) Characterization and stability evaluation of thymoquinone nanoemulsions prepared by high-pressure homogenization. J Nanomater 2013:126. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/453290
Uchegbu IF, Vyas SP (1998) Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 172(1–2):33–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00169-0
Vadiei K, Perez-Soler R, Lopez-Berestein G, Luke DR (1989) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of liposomal cyclosporine. Int J Pharm 57(2):125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(89)90300-1
Valenzuela A, Garrido A (1994) Biochemical bases of the pharmacological action of the flavonoid silymarin and of its structural isomer silibinin. Biol Res 27:105–105
Virmani R, Farb A, Guagliumi G, Kolodgie FD (2004) Drug-eluting stents: caution and concerns for long-term outcome. Coron Artery Dis 15(6):313–318
Viswanathan V, Pharande R, Bannalikar A, Gupta P, Gupta U, Mukne A (2019) Inhalable liposomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract for use in tuberculosis: formulation, in vitro characterization, in vivo lung deposition, and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 45(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2018.1513025
Von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Hinzen B, Weigand S, Häbich D (2006) Antibacterial natural products in medicinal chemistry—exodus or revival? Angew Chem Int Ed 45(31):5072–5129. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600350
Walunj M, Doppalapudi S, Bulbake U, Khan W (2019) Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of cyclosporine cationic liposomes for the treatment of psoriasis. J Liposome Res (Just-Accepted):1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2019.1593449
Wang L, Zhao X, Zu Y, Wu W, Li Y, Zu C, Zhang Y (2016) Enhanced dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of ginkgo biloba extract by preparing nanoparticles via emulsion solvent evaporation combined with freeze drying (ESE-FR). RSC Adv 6(81):77346–77357. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA14771B
Wang L, Zhao X, Yang F, Wu W, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang L, Wang Z (2019) Enhanced bioaccessibility in vitro and bioavailability of Ginkgo biloba extract nanoparticles prepared by liquid anti-solvent precipitation. Int J Food Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14141
Want MY, Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Dasgupta AK, Chattopadhyay AP, Afrin F (2015) Therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin-loaded nanoparticles in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 130:215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.013
Waranuch N, Ramachandran C, Weiner ND (1998) Controlled topical delivery of cyclosporin-A from nonionic liposomal formulations: mechanistic aspects. J Liposome Res 8(2):225–238. https://doi.org/10.3109/08982109809035528
Watkins R, Wu L, Zhang C, Davis RM, Xu B (2015) Natural product-based nanomedicine: recent advances and issues. Int J Nanomedicine 10:6055. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S92162
Wu CY, Benet LZ, Hebert MF, Gupta SK, Rowland M, Gomez DY, Wacher VJ (1995) Differentiation of absorption and first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism in humans: studies with cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 58(5):492–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-X
Wu T-H, Yen F-L, Lin L-T, Tsai T-R, Lin C-C, Cham T-M (2008) Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant effects of quercetin nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 346(1–2):160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.036
Xie D, Xu Y, Jing W, Juxiang Z, Hailun L, Yu H, Zheng D-H, Lin Y-T (2017) Berberine nanoparticles protects tubular epithelial cells from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oncotarget 8(15):24154. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16530
Xu H, Yuan X-D, Shen B-D, Han J, Lv Q-Y, Dai L, Lin M-G, Yu C, Bai J-X, Yuan H-L (2014) Development of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/alginate copolymer hydrogel-grafted fabrics embedding of berberine nanosuspension for the infected wound treatment. J Biomater Appl 28(9):1376–1385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328213509503
Xue M, Yang M-X, Zhang W, Li X-M, Gao D-H, Ou Z-M, Li Z-P, Liu S-h, Li X-j, Yang S-Y (2013) Characterization, pharmacokinetics, and hypoglycemic effect of berberine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 8:4677. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S51262
Yalkowsky SH (1999) Solubility and solubilization in aqueous media, vol 3. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
Yen F-L, Wu T-H, Lin L-T, Lin C-C (2007) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Cuscuta chinensis against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 111(1):123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.003
Yen F-L, Wu T-H, Lin L-T, Cham T-M, Lin C-C (2008) Nanoparticles formulation of Cuscuta chinensis prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46(5):1771–1777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.021
Yen F-L, Wu T-H, Lin L-T, Cham T-M, Lin C-C (2009) Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles improve the physicochemical properties and the hepatoprotective effects of naringenin in orally-administered rats with CCl 4-induced acute liver failure. Pharm Res 26(4):893–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9791-0
Yingchao L, Lei D, Ai J, Xinming C, Hui X (2007) Preparation and anti-fibrotic effects of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with silibinin [J]. J Xi’an Jiaotong Univ (Med Sci) 5
You-you T, Mu-Yun N, Yu-Rong Z, Lan-Na L, Shu-Lian C, Mu-Qun Z, Xiu-Zhen W, Zheng J, Xiao-Tian L (1982) Studies on the constituents of Artemisia annua Part II. Planta Med 44(03):143–145. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971424
Yuan X-B, Yuan Y-B, Jiang W, Liu J, Tian E-J, Shun H-M, Huang D-H, Yuan X-Y, Li H, Sheng J (2008) Preparation of rapamycin-loaded chitosan/PLA nanoparticles for immunosuppression in corneal transplantation. Int J Pharm 349(1–2):241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.07.045
Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G (2016) The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules 21(5):559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050559
Zakeri-Milani P, Loveymi BD, Jelvehgari M, Valizadeh H (2013) The characteristics and improved intestinal permeability of vancomycin PLGA-nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 103:174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.021
Zaveri NT (2006) Green tea and its polyphenolic catechins: medicinal uses in cancer and noncancer applications. Life Sci 78(18):2073–2080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.006
Zhang J, Liu J, Li X, Jasti B (2007) Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing silibinin. Drug Deliv 14(6):381–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540701203034
Zhang J, Nie S, Wang S (2013a) Nanoencapsulation enhances epigallocatechin-3-gallate stability and its antiatherogenic bioactivities in macrophages. J Agric Food Chem 61(38):9200–9209. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4023004
Zhang P, Lin R, Yang G, Zhang J, Zhou L, Liu T (2013b) Solubility of naringenin in ethanol and water mixtures. J Chem Eng Data 58(9):2402–2404. https://doi.org/10.1021/je4000718
Zhang X-P, Le Y, Wang J-X, Zhao H, Chen J-F (2013c) Resveratrol nanodispersion with high stability and dissolution rate. LWT-Food Sci Technol 50(2):622–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.041
Zhang J, Zhou X, Yu Q, Yang L, Sun D, Zhou Y, Liu J (2014) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-stabilized selenium nanoparticles coated with Tet-1 peptide to reduce amyloid-β aggregation and cytotoxicity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(11):8475–8487. https://doi.org/10.1021/am501341u
Zhang H, Hou L, Jiao X, Ji Y, Zhu X, Zhang Z (2015a) Transferrin-mediated fullerenes nanoparticles as Fe2+−dependent drug vehicles for synergistic anti-tumor efficacy. Biomaterials 37:353–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.031
Zhang H, Ji Y, Chen Q, Jiao X, Hou L, Zhu X, Zhang Z (2015b) Enhancement of cytotoxicity of artemisinin toward cancer cells by transferrin-mediated carbon nanotubes nanoparticles. J Drug Target 23(6):552–567. https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2015.1016437
Zhang J, Nie S, Hossen MN, Sun M, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Sennoune S, Wang S (2015c) Anti-atherogenic effects of lesion-targeted epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-loaded nanoparticles. FASEB J 29(1_supplement):271.3
Zhou Y, S-q L, Peng H, Yu L, He B, Zhao Q (2015) In vivo anti-apoptosis activity of novel berberine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively ameliorates osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 28(1):34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.014
Zhu QY, Zhang A, Tsang D, Huang Y, Chen Z-Y (1997) Stability of green tea catechins. J Agric Food Chem 45(12):4624–4628. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9706080
Zimmerman JJ, Ferron GM, Lim HK, Parker V (1999) The effect of a high-fat meal on the oral bioavailability of the immunosuppressant sirolimus (rapamycin). J Clin Pharmacol 39(11):1155–1161. https://doi.org/10.1177/009127009903901107
Zou Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Zuo Y, Li J, Li J (2009a) Antibiotic delivery system using nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan bone cement consisting of berberine. J Biomed Mater Res A 89(4):1108–1117. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32199
Zou W, Cao G, Xi Y, Zhang N (2009b) New approach for local delivery of rapamycin by bioadhesive PLGA-carbopol nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 16(1):15–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540802481307
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saka, R., Chella, N. (2020). Nanocarriers as Tools for Delivery of Nature Derived Compounds and Extracts with Therapeutic Activity. In: Saneja, A., Panda, A., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 44. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41842-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41842-7_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41841-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41842-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)