Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and Manufacturing a Miniature Reynolds Apparatus for Testing Nanofluids

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Gulf Conference on Sustainable Built Environment

  • 431 Accesses

Abstract

In the oil and gas industry, application of nanoparticles is becoming a more common practice. There are a number of researches on lubricating effects of nanoparticles in different applications; therefore, some fundamental studies are eminent on mechanisms and functions of skin friction reduction of nanoparticles in pipe flows. In addition, studies on coagulation and agglomeration of nanoparticle precipitation on the pipe surfaces are of practical interest. In this research, development of a miniature Reynolds apparatus is sought to study different flow regimes from laminar to turbulent. The first goal is to measure rheological properties of Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids at laminar flows. The miniature Reynolds apparatus should continuously circulate 1 L or lower amounts of nanofluid and measure pressure drop and flow rates for at least three Reynolds numbers. This paper summarizes the design procedure and provides CFD simulations for the designed system. Analysis of the measured data will provide useful information on skin friction reduction and precipitation of nanoparticles on pipe surfaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Samuel RH (2010) Friction factors: what are they for torque, drag, vibration, drill ahead and transient surge/swab analysis. Society of Petroleum Engineers, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition, 2–4 Feb 2010, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jahns C (2014) Friction reduction by using nanoparticles in oil-based mud. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jirkovsky L, Bo-ot LM (2014) Taylor–Couette flow and a molecule dependent transport equation. Physica A Stat Mech Appl 415(1):205–209

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Tang Z, Li S (2014) A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007–present). Curr Opin Solid State Mater 18:119–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Qiu S, Zhou Z, Dong J, Chen G (2001) Preparation of Ni nanoparticles and evaluation of their tribological performance as potential additives in oils. ASME J Tribol 123:441–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chou R, Battez AH, Cabello JJ, Viesca JL, Osorio A, Sagastume A (2010) Tribological behavior of polyalphaolefin with the addition of nickel nanoparticles. Tribol Int 43:2327–2332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sánchez López JC, Abad MD, Kolodziejczyk L, Guerrero E, Fernández A (2011) Surface-modified Pd and Au nanoparticles for anti-wear applications. Tribol Int 44:720–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hernández Battez A, González R, Viesca JL, Fernández JE, Díaz Fernández JM, Machado A (2008) CuO, ZrO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as antiwear additive in oil lubricants. Wear 265:422–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou GH, Zhu Y, Wang X, Xia M, Zhang Y, Ding H (2013) Sliding tribological properties of 0.45% carbon steel lubricated with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle additives in base oil. Wear 301:753–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wu YY, Tsui WC, Liu TC (2007) Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives. Wear 262:819–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chou C, Lee S (2010) Tribological behavior of nanodiamond-dispersed lubricants on carbon steels and aluminum alloy. Wear 269:757–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Elomaa O, Oksanen J, Hakala TJ, Shenderova O, Koskinen J (2014) A comparison of tribological properties of evenly distributed and agglomerated diamond nanoparticles in lubricated high-load steel–steel contact. Tribol Int 71:62–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pak BC, Cho Y (1998) Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particle. Exp Heat Transfer 11(2):151–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pottuz LJ, Vacher B, Ohmae N, Martin JM, Epicier T (2008) Anti-wear and friction reducing mechanisms of carbon nano-onions as lubricant additives. Tribol Lett 30:69–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee CG, Hwang JY, Choi YM, Lee JK, Choi C, Oh JM (2009) A study on the tribological characteristics of graphite nano lubricants. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 10(1):85–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hwang JY, Lee CG, Choi YM, Cheong S, Kim D, Lee K, Lee J, Kim HC (2011) Effect of the size and morphology of particles dispersed in nano-oil on friction performance between rotating discs. Mech Sci Technol 25:2853–2857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang XB, Liu WM (2013) Nanoparticle-based lubricant additives. Springer, Boston, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Ghazvini M, Akhavan-Behabadi MA, Rasouli E, Raisee E (2012) Heat transfer properties of nanodiamond–engine oil nanofluid in laminar flow. Heat Transfer Eng 33(6):525–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2012.624858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Esmaeilzadeh E, Almohammadi H, Nasiri Vatan S, Omrani AN (2013) Experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of γ-Al2O3/water under laminar flow inside a horizontal tube. Int J Therm Sci 63:31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lin JZ, Xia Y, Ku XK (2014) Friction factor and heat transfer of nanofluids containing cylindrical nanoparticles in laminar pipe flow. J Appl Phys 116(13):133513-1–133513-11. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lin JZ, Xia Y, Ku XK (2016) Flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids containing rod-like particles in a turbulent pipe flow. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 93:57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Boertz H, Baars AJ, Cieśliński JT, Smolen S (2018) Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in pipes. Heat Transfer Eng 39(3):241–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2017.1295739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Minakov AV, Rudyak VY, Pryazhnikov MI (2018) Rheological behavior of water and ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 554:279–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Munson BR, Huebsch WW, Rothmayer AP (2012) Fundamentals of fluid mechanics, 7th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  25. Garcia EJ, Steffe JF (1987) Comparison of friction factor equations for non-Newtonian fluids in pipe flow. J Food Process Eng 9:93–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mishra PC, Mukherjee S, Nayak SK, Panda A (2014) A brief review on viscosity of nanofluids. Int Nano Lett 4(4):109–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-014-0126-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kwak K, Chongyoup K (2005) Viscosity and thermal conductivity of copper oxide nanofluid dispersed in ethylene glycol. Korea-Aust Rheol J 17(2):35–40

    Google Scholar 

  28. Pastoriza-Gallego M, Lugo L, Legido J, Pieiro M (2011) Thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements of ethylene glycol-based Al2O3 nanofluids. Nanoscale Res Lett 6(221):1–11

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait

    Ahmad Sedaghat, Hayder Salem & Abbas Amini

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

    Seyed Amir Abbas Oloomi

  3. Mathematics Department, Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait

    Leila Borvayeh

  4. Petroleum Engineering Department, Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait

    Masoud Rashidi & Samira Ghafoori

  5. Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait

    Jessica Cheska Lopez & Girish Kaimal Mohanan

Authors
  1. Ahmad Sedaghat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hayder Salem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seyed Amir Abbas Oloomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leila Borvayeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Masoud Rashidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abbas Amini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Samira Ghafoori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jessica Cheska Lopez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Girish Kaimal Mohanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Sedaghat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Ali Bumajdad

  2. Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Walid Bouhamra

  3. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Osamah A. Alsayegh

  4. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait Municipal Council, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Hasan A. Kamal

  5. Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Salem Falah Alhajraf

Appendix: 3D Solidworks Drawings

Appendix: 3D Solidworks Drawings

Fig. 13
figure 13

3D drawing of the acrylic PVC (transparent) tube and pressure ports and supports

Full size image
Fig. 14
figure 14

3D drawing of the assembly of flow meter with the acrylic PVC (transparent) tube

Full size image
Fig. 15
figure 15

3D drawing of the assembly of the differential pressure sensor with the acrylic PVC (transparent) tube

Full size image
Fig. 16
figure 16

Snapshot of pressure sensor measurements

Full size image

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sedaghat, A. et al. (2020). Design and Manufacturing a Miniature Reynolds Apparatus for Testing Nanofluids. In: Bumajdad, A., Bouhamra, W., Alsayegh, O., Kamal, H., Alhajraf, S. (eds) Gulf Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39734-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39734-0_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-39733-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-39734-0

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation