Global Scenario of Plant–Microbiome for Sustainable Agriculture: Current Advancements and Future Challenges

Abstract

Phyto-microbiome are the microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) associated with all major plant components such as flowers, stems, roots, leaves, and fruits. They form symbiotic association with the plant, inhabit the intra- and intercellular positions without harming the host and frequently profit the host plant. They indicate the complex connections within the host plants involving the symbiotic, mutualistic relationship, and rarely the parasitism relationship. They are omnipresent and are known to improve the nutrient enrichment and growth of the plant. They not only produce root exudates but also release signal molecules which regulate various biochemical and genetic activities. They provide the immunity to plants from pests and insects and enhance the ability of plants to tolerate the impacts of abiotic and biotic stress and also produce bioactive compounds and phytohormones of biotechnological interest. In this book chapter, we will review the advent role of microbiome in plant growth and development. Efforts have been made to summarize the utilization of various hormones to mitigate the effects of various environmental stresses on cultivated plant communities. The final sections of the book chapter describe the applications of phyto-microbiome in twenty-first century and the clear out cut to commercialize of a phyto-microbiome-based technology.

Simranjeet Singh, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Satyender Singh, Vijay Kumar—Equally contributed.