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Engineering Polyamine Metabolic Pathways for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

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Osmoprotectant-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

In the current scenario of climate change, plants are being challenged with frequent episodes of extreme weather events and suffer recurrently from various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth and development and limit plant productivity. Abiotic stresses activate the expression of several stress-related genes, leading to the synthesis of active proteins and accumulation of metabolites, and other osmotically active compounds. Among these compounds, we can highlight the polyamines (PAs), interesting biomolecules that play an important role on plant physiology, development, and response to environment. PAs are low-molecular-weight, positively charged, aliphatic amines that are found widespread in living organisms. In plants, the most abundant PAs are putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm). They are synthesized from decarboxylation of amino acids, mainly arginine and ornithine. Put is synthesized primarily through the activity of the enzymes arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Put is then converted into Spd by spermidine synthase (SPDS), and Spd is further converted into Spm by Spm synthase (SPMS). PA levels in plants increase under a number of environmental stress conditions, including drought, high salinity, and exposure to extreme temperatures (heating or freezing). Numerous studies have provided evidences that enhanced accumulation of PAs in plants is correlated with increased resistance to adverse environmental conditions. In this chapter, we will provide a current state of the art on the works related to the development of plants with altered PA contents, by the manipulation of PA metabolic pathways through genetic engineering, and discussed the possible associated effects on several abiotic stresses.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal) is acknowledged through the research unit “GREEN-it: Bioresources for Sustainability” (UID/Multi/04551/2013) and through ASD and SSA PhD holders DL57 research contracts. ALWS is supported by FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) and Young Investigators Grants 15/21075-4 and 17/01284-3. ALWS thanks Dra. Eny IS Floh (Department of Botany, University of São Paulo) for her valuable collaboration and pioneering studies with polyamines in Brazil.

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  1. Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology (BCV), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (Green-it Unit), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal

    Susana de Sousa Araújo & Ana Sofia Duque

  2. Laboratory of Plant Cellular Biology (BIOCEL), Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

    André Luis Wendt dos Santos

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  1. Susana de Sousa Araújo
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  2. André Luis Wendt dos Santos
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  3. Ana Sofia Duque
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Correspondence to Ana Sofia Duque .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Vinay Kumar

  3. Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    David J. Burritt

  4. Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

  5. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä

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de Sousa Araújo, S., dos Santos, A.L.W., Duque, A.S. (2019). Engineering Polyamine Metabolic Pathways for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Hossain, M., Kumar, V., Burritt, D., Fujita, M., Mäkelä, P. (eds) Osmoprotectant-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27423-8_14

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