Green Synthesis of Microbial Nanoparticle: Approaches to Application

Abstract

In the recent years, the biosynthesis and application of noble nanoparticles have been emerged as escalating field with a great impact on biology, medicine and electronics. Diverse strategies including high-energy physical to toxic chemical procedures have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Moreover, higher production cost with raising environmental risk becomes the major issue. To overcome these, green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as the potential alternative. Green synthesis involves exploitation of biological entities like algae including microalgae, plants, and microorganisms. Microorganisms have innate potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles and could be regarded as potential biofactories for nanoparticles synthesis. So far, the wealth of microbial resources such as bacteria, algae, fungi, actinomycetes and viruses has been exploited for the development of different metallic nanoparticles. Microbial-nanoparticle syntheses have attracted a great attention due to their rich diversity and wider application with simple, cost-effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly methods for production of technologically important materials. Hence, exploitation of organisms of microbial origin for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a valuable approach in green nanotechnology. In this chapter, we provide an overview of green synthesized nanoparticles using various microbes as biotemplates, which highlights from their substantial mechanism to incredible applications for the purpose of minimizing the negative impacts of synthetic procedures, their accompanying chemicals, and derivative compounds.