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Clip Impact-Compression Model

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Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injury

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

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Abstract

In human spinal cord injury, the most common mechanism is the combination of acute impact and continuing compression. To simulate combined impact-compression, we developed in the 1970s the acute clip impact-compression model, one of the first non-transection models in the rodent. Subsequently, we characterized the relationships between clip strength, duration of compression and neurological recovery, and established dose-response relationships between the forces of clip compression injury, axon evoked potentials, spinal cord blood flow, neurological function, axon counts and retrograde labeling of supraspinal neurons with axonal tracers. In this review, we discuss the defining features of the acute clip impact-compression model of spinal cord injury and outline its advantages and disadvantages. We also briefly discuss other impact-compression/contusion models and non-impact models of spinal cord injury. The method for performing acute impact-compression injury in rats is included. Clip injury is useful for in vitro and in vivo spinal cord injury studies in rats and mice for cervical, thoracic and lumbar injuries, and is consistent, reliable and relatively inexpensive.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following sources for funding: Conquer Paralysis Now and the Sam Schmidt Foundation, Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation and Medicine by Design, Ontario-China Research and Innovation Fund, Krembil Foundation, Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundation, and Spinal Cord Injury Ontario.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Charles H. Tator, Peter Poon & Andrea J. Mothe

  2. Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Charles H. Tator

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  1. Charles H. Tator
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  2. Peter Poon
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  3. Andrea J. Mothe
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Correspondence to Charles H. Tator .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Jun Chen

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Zao C. Xu

  3. Indiana University School of Medicine, SNRI SCBIRG, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Xiao Ming Xu

  4. Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Tator, C.H., Poon, P., Mothe, A.J. (2019). Clip Impact-Compression Model. In: Chen, J., Xu, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, J. (eds) Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injury. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16082-1_33

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16082-1_33

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16082-1

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