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Polypropylene Handbook pp 37–119Cite as

Solid State Polymorphism of Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylene

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Abstract

The crystal structure and polymorphism of isotactic (iPP) and syndioactic polypropylene (sPP) are illustrated, highlighting the rich variety of phase behavior of these polymers, the conditions of obtainment of the different polymorphs and the disorder phenomena occurring in the crystals. After description of the concepts of packing and conformational polymorphism occurring in the case of iPP and sPP respectively, the crystal structure of the different polymorphs of iPP and sPP are described. In particular, the main structural features relative to the monoclinc α-, the trigonal β- and the orthorhombic γ-forms, of iPP including the mesomorphic form, and the trigonal form which develops in random isotactic copolymers of propylene with pentene or hexene units, are described at first, the chain conformation in all these polymorphs being the 3/1 helix. Then, the complex polymorphism of sPP and the crystal structure of the orthorhombic helical form I and II, the orthorhombic trans-planar form III, the monoclininc form IV, and the trans-planar and helical mesophases are illustrated. The implications of the crystal structure with the final properties are outlined for these polymers, the great fortune of which was the almost simultaneous discovery of the polymerization catalyst systems and the structural elucidation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy

    Finizia Auriemma, Claudio De Rosa, Anna Malafronte, Miriam Scoti & Rocco Di Girolamo

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  1. Finizia Auriemma
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  2. Claudio De Rosa
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  3. Anna Malafronte
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  4. Miriam Scoti
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  5. Rocco Di Girolamo
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Correspondence to Finizia Auriemma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    József Karger-Kocsis

  2. Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

    Tamás Bárány

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Auriemma, F., De Rosa, C., Malafronte, A., Scoti, M., Di Girolamo, R. (2019). Solid State Polymorphism of Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylene. In: Karger-Kocsis, J., Bárány, T. (eds) Polypropylene Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12903-3_2

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