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Irrigation Policies in the Mediterranean: Trends and Challenges

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Irrigation in the Mediterranean

Part of the book series: Global Issues in Water Policy ((GLOB,volume 22))

Abstract

Irrigation is a central feature of agriculture in Mediterranean countries. During the twentieth century, and more specifically after World War II, most states have invested massively in large-scale dams, interbasin transfers, and public irrigation schemes. More recently, farmers have capitalized on increasingly cheap pumping devices to tap groundwater, whether in conjunction with surface water or not, and the introduction of pressurized networks has come to constitute a major technological change in the region. This chapter first reviews the changing relationships between irrigation and the wider water sector as scarcity builds up, and ponders on the respective prospects for both supply- and demand-management options. It then takes stocks on recent technical and institutional changes in the irrigation sector before turning to the importance of economic dimensions and context. Finally irrigation is analyzed in terms of policy and political process, and of its relationship with other sectors, while the final section explores the challenges posed by water overexploitation, environmental degradation and climate change.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Unless otherwise indicated, the information synthesized in this chapter is described in more detail in respective country chapters, where the reader will also find sources and references.

  2. 2.

    See Keller et al. (1998), Molden et al. (2001), and Molle et al. (2010).

  3. 3.

    In the case of the Valencia ‘market garden ‘(horta), whose degradation was defined by Courtot (1994) as foreshadowing “the end of a myth”, a recent regional law (2018), promoted by a popular mobilization, has protected all the historical lands of the “Horta” from urban development , and an Agricultural Development Plan is to be launched before the end of 2018 to strengthen agricultural activities.

  4. 4.

    Federación Nacional de Comunidades de Regantes de España (Spanish National Federation of Water User Associations).

  5. 5.

    The ratio of the area harvested every year to the area equipped with irrigation facilities.

  6. 6.

    Around $120 billion, in 2010 values. This is only half of the investment envisaged, the other half being expected to come from the private sector.

  7. 7.

    Comparison between the 1993 and the 2003 World Bank’s water Policy Papers clearly reflects these changes.

  8. 8.

    17% for Israel and 27.9% for Turkey , according to the OECD (2017) estimations for 2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR-Geau, Institute of Research for Development (IRD), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    François Molle

  2. Valencian Centre for Irrigation Studies (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain

    Carles Sanchis-Ibor

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  1. François Molle
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Correspondence to François Molle .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UMR-Geau, Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    François Molle

  2. Valencian Centre for Irrigation Studies (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain

    Carles Sanchis-Ibor

  3. Valencian Centre for Irrigation Studies Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Llorenç Avellà-Reus

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Molle, F., Sanchis-Ibor, C. (2019). Irrigation Policies in the Mediterranean: Trends and Challenges. In: Molle, F., Sanchis-Ibor, C., Avellà-Reus, L. (eds) Irrigation in the Mediterranean. Global Issues in Water Policy, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03698-0_10

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