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The Liabilities of Iron Deficiency

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Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

The overt physical manifestations of iron deficiency include the generic symptoms of anemia, which are tiredness, lassitude, and general feelings of lack of energy [1, 2]. Clinical manifestations of iron deficiency are glossitis, angular stomatitis, koilonychia (spoon nails), blue sclera, esophageal webbing (Plummer-Vinson Syndrome), and microcytic hypochromic anemia. Behavioral disturbances such as pica, which is characterized by abnormal consumption of nonfood items such as dirt (geophagia) and ice (pagophagia), are often present in iron deficiency, but clear biological explanations for these abnormalities are lacking. More recently, restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been described as being causally related to iron deficiency anemia [3]. This aphasic involuntary muscle contraction appears related to altered movement of iron to and within motor-control centers in the brain and is treatable in most cases with either iron or levodopa [4]. Neuro-maturational delays have been described by many research groups and will be discussed in detail in a later section. Physiological manifestations of iron deficiency have also been noted in immune function, thermoregulatory performance, energy metabolism, and exercise or work performance [2]. The current understanding of the iron biology underlying deficits in the neurobiology, muscle and energy metabolism, and consequences specific to pregnancy outcomes will be discussed in the remaining sections of this chapter.

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  1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    John L. Beard & Carrie Durward

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  1. Bancroft Centre, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston Road 300, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia

    Gregory J. Anderson

  2. Dept. Medicine &, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., University of California, Irvine, East 7th St. 5901, Long Beach, 90822, California, USA

    Gordon D. McLaren

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Beard, J.L., Durward, C. (2012). The Liabilities of Iron Deficiency. In: Anderson, G., McLaren, G. (eds) Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-485-2_14

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