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Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Abacavir

  • Chapter
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV/AIDS Therapy

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

Abstract

The history of the discovery and development of zidovudine (ZDV; or 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine, AZT, or Retrovir™, formerly BW A509U) is fascinating not only because it was the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agent for the treatment of HIV, but for the unprecedented speed with which this drug moved through the new-drug approval process (Table 1). In March 1987, ZDV was approved by the FDA for use in HIV-infected individuals with a previous episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and/or a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3. The use of ZDV in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients with CD4 cell counts greater than 500 cells/mm3 was approved in March 1990. ZDV was initially approved as a monotherapy. Subsequently, ZDV was approved for use in combination regimens with zalcitabine and lamivudine (3TC, Epivir®). Although early studies demonstrated clinical and survival benefits of ZDV alone or in combination with other nucleoside analogs, these benefits were of limited durability because of incomplete virological suppression and the emergence of resistant HIV strains. ZDV is currently approved for the treatment of HIV infection in combination regimens with potent antiretroviral agents, including HIV protease inhibitors (PIs); nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); and potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), such as abacavir (ABC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, Co

    Monica Carten

  2. Post-Graduate Medical Education, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL

    Harold Kessler (Professor of Medicine and Immunology Microbiology, Associate Dean)

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  1. Monica Carten
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, USA

    Vassil St.Georgiev

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI

    Gail Skowron MD (Chief) (Chief)

  3. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

    Gail Skowron MD (Chief) (Chief)

  4. Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA

    Richard Ogden PhD

  5. Center for Poverty-Related Communicable Diseases Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Joep M. A. Lange MD, PhD (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

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Carten, M., Kessler, H. (2006). Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Abacavir. In: St.Georgiev, V., Skowron, G., Ogden, R., Lange, J.M.A. (eds) Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV/AIDS Therapy. Infectious Disease. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-085-0_2

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