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Developmental Changes in Neural Control of Respiration

  • Chapter
Developmental Neurobiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

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Abstract

For humans and other mammals, the act of breathing (respiration) has a simple purpose: to maintain metabolic homeostasis by acquiring oxygen (during inspiration) and eliminating carbon dioxide (during expiration). Achieving this aim, however, requires a complex series of neural and neuromuscular interactions. Perhaps because of the rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles involved in respiration, some investigators have described this as an autonomic function (42). However, in contrast to cardiac anc. vascular smooth muscle, respiratory muscles have no intrinsic automaticity. The actions of inspiratory muscles of the thoracic cavity, such as diaphragm, intercostals, and airways (e.g., efferent vagally innervated skeletal muscles of the pharynx and larynx), depend upon the generation of a rhythmic discharge originating in the central nervous system (CNS) (Fig. 1). However, the rate and amplitude of the respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) may be facilitated and/or inhibited by a number of afferent inputs, such as chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, J receptors (Fig. 2), as well as central mechanisms.

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  1. Department of Physiology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA

    Phyllis M. Gootman

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Steele, A.M. (1986). Developmental Changes in Neural Control of Respiration. In: Gootman, P.M. (eds) Developmental Neurobiology of the Autonomic Nervous System. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-459-7_12

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