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Diagnosis of Systemic Fungal Diseases

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Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. The most common IFI are candidiasis, aspergillosis, pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and endemic mycoses. Clinical presentations are generally non-specific, and fungal etiologies are often suspected when immunocompromised patients present with respiratory symptoms and/or undifferentiated fever that do not respond to empiric antibacterial therapy. Moreover, early treatment can be lifesaving. Consequently, diagnosis is a cornerstone for management of such patients, and rapid, accurate, and safe diagnostic techniques are critically important. Multiple diagnostic tools are available to clinicians. In addition to microscopy and culture, serodiagnosis and nucleic acid amplification techniques are emerging. Traditional and nontraditional methods are complementary, and judicious selection of tests in a given clinical setting is essential. This chapter reviews the diagnostic methods used in medical mycology and provides guidance to clinicians and laboratorians dealing with IFI in the transplant population.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by the National Institute of Health grant K24 (AI085118, to K.A.M.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Montreal, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Simon Frédéric Dufresne

  2. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Kieren A. Marr & Shmuel Shoham

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  1. Simon Frédéric Dufresne
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  2. Kieren A. Marr
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  3. Shmuel Shoham
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Correspondence to Simon Frédéric Dufresne .

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  1. Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA

    Amar Safdar

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Dufresne, S.F., Marr, K.A., Shoham, S. (2019). Diagnosis of Systemic Fungal Diseases. In: Safdar, A. (eds) Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_48

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